Pathology - Pituitary and Adrenal

Question 1

the anterior/posterior pituitary is derived from Rathke’s pouch

Answer 1

the ANTERIOR pituitary is derived from Rathke’s pouch

Question 2

what does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 2

TSH
ACTH
FSH
LH

GH
prolactin

Question 3

what does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 3

ADH

ocytocin

Question 4

the anterior/posterior contains non-myelinated axons of neurosecretory neurons

Answer 4

the POSTERIOR contains non-myelinated axons of neurosecretory neurons

Question 5

name the 2 Amin conditions/diseases that affects the posterior pituitary

Answer 5

DM - lack of ADH

SIADH - ectopic secretion of ADH

Question 6

pituitary adenoma mainly affects the anterior/posterior pituitary

Answer 6

pituitary adenoma mainly affects the ANTERIOR pituitary

Question 7

name the functional pituitary adenomas from most to least common

Answer 7

prolactin - prolactinoma
GH secreting
ACTH secreting

Question 8

symptoms of prolactinoma?

Answer 8

infertility, lack of libido, amenorrhea

Question 9

symptoms of GH secreting adenoma?

Answer 9

bone growth, cartilage and connective tissue

gigantism or acromegaly

Question 10

symptoms of ACTH secreting adenoma?

Answer 10

cushings disease

Question 11

name the tumour derived from rathke’s pouch

Answer 11

craniopharyngioma

Question 12

name the disease that results in chronic hypofunction of the adrenal cortex

Answer 12

Addison’s disease

Question 13

name the acquired endogenous ACTH production disease via a pituitary adenoma

Answer 13

cushing’s disease

Question 14

name the syndrome that results in primary hyperaldosteronism

Answer 14

conn’s syndrome

Question 15

name the syndrome/disease that results in hypercortisolism

Answer 15

cushings syndrome/disease

Question 16

name an exogenous cause of cushings

Answer 16

steroids

Question 17

name the ACTH dependent endogenous cause of cushings

Answer 17

ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma

ectopic ACTH - SCLC

Question 18

name the ACTH independent endogenous cause of cushings

Answer 18

adrenal adenoma

Question 19

what can rapid withdrawal of steroids cause?

Answer 19

adrenal crisis

Question 20

name the 3 causes of Addisons disease

Answer 20

autoimmune adrenalitis
infectious - TB etc.
metastatic malignancy

Question 21

you get signs and symptoms of Addisons once __% of the gland is destroyed

Answer 21

you get signs and symptoms of Addisons once 90% of the gland is destroyed

Question 22

Addisons symptoms?

Answer 22

weakness
fatigue
anorexia
nausea and vomiting
weight loss
diarrhoea

pigmentation

Question 23

there is __+ retentions and __+ loss in Addisons

Answer 23

there is K+ retentions and Na+ loss in Addisons

Question 24

Addisons:

______kalaemia
____natraemia
_______tension
______glycaemia

Answer 24

HYPERkalaemia
HYPOnatraemia
HYPOtension
HYPOglycaemia

Question 25

name the neoplasm derived from chromatin cells of the adrenal medulla that secretes catecholamines

Answer 25

phaechromocytoma

Question 26

phaechromocytoma is the __% tumour

Answer 26

phaechromocytoma is the 10% tumour

Question 27

phaechromocytoma is a rare cause of secondary what?

Answer 27

hypertension

Question 28

what is a feature of MEN2A and MEN2B?

Answer 28

phaechromocytoma

Question 29

name the 3 zones of the adrenal gland

Answer 29

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

Question 30

how do you diagnose phaechromocytoma?

Answer 30

detection of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites