Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial drug resistance

A

The acquired ability of a microorganism to resist the effects of a
chemotherapeutic agent to which it is normally sensitive

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2
Q

Antibiotic producers are tolerant,what does that mean?

A
  • lacK target site
  • Modify target sites
  • Lack of uptake mechanism
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3
Q

Some microorganisms are

_____ to some antibiotics.

A

resistant

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4
Q

Antibiotic resistance mechanism?

A
-Destruction or modification of
the antibiotic
-Modification of the target site
-Modification of uptake
mechanism
-Efflux pumps: reduce
intracellular concentration
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5
Q

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance,can be minimized by using
antibiotics correctly and only when
needed?

A

called reduce selection

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6
Q

Acquisition of resistance, is usually mediated by?

A
the acquisition of a
new gene (or groups of genes) that provide
the cells with a new function (
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7
Q

where are located most drug-resistant bacteria ?

A

located on R plasmids.

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8
Q

R plasmids can be transferred

A

between
bacteria of the same species or related
species.

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9
Q

The use of antibiotics in medicine,

veterinary medicine, and agriculture selects

A

for the spread of R plasmids.

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10
Q

Evidence indicates that R plasmids predate
the antibiotic era (antibiotics come from
nature). meaning?

A

the appeared before viennt de la nature

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11
Q

Most antiviral drugs also target host structures,resulsting in?

A

toxicity

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12
Q

if the host is affected?

A

Risk to the host may not justify the use of

antiviral.

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13
Q

Most successful and commonly used antivirals are the

A

nucleoside analogs:block reverse transcriptase and production of viral
DNA (RNA viruses).

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14
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

inhibit the processing of large viral proteins into

individual components.

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15
Q

Fusion inhibitors

A

prevent viruses from successfully fusing with the host

cell.

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16
Q

Antibiotics are ineffective

A

against viruses

17
Q

Fungi pose special problems for
chemotherapy because they are
eukaryotes?

A

much of the cellular
machinery is the same as that of
animals and humans

18
Q

A few drugs target unique metabolic

processes not found in mammals:

A

Ergosterol synthesis (Nystatin,
Fluconazole).
– Cell wall synthesis (inhibitor of chitin
synthesis).

19
Q

what does fluconozale do?

A

ergosterol synthesis