Taxonomy - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

The binomial system was developed by ?

A

Carl linnaeus

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2
Q

the binomial system is used to?

A

name all cellular organisms,including microorganisms

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3
Q

each organism is given two names?

A
  • Generic name (genus)

- Specific name(species)

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4
Q

Most names are descriptive and are derived from

A

Latin or

Greek

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5
Q

some name are derived from?

A

the name of the discoverer

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6
Q

Animalcules were originally classified in the class ?

A

Chaos

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7
Q

is taxonomy static?

A

is an ever changing science

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8
Q

Taxonomic categories

A

domain,kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

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9
Q

what is a species?

A

still not clear, a group of organisms that can interbreed

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10
Q

the evolutionary history of microorganisms is very?

A

incomplete

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11
Q

how old is the Earth?

A

4,5 billion years old

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12
Q

First evidence of microbial life can be found in rocks?

A

3,5 billion years old

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13
Q

Stromatolites?

A

Microbial mats
consisting of layers of filamentous
prokaryotes, sediments and
extracellular matrix

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14
Q

Comparison of ancient and modern

stromatolites

A

-anoxygenic phototrophic filamentous bacteria formed ancient stromalites
-Oxygenic phototrophic
cyanobacteria dominate modern
stromatolites

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15
Q

Early Earth was anoxic or oxigenic?

A

anoxic

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16
Q

the temperature of early earth was?

A

much hotter than present day

17
Q

The first ________, _________arose out of primordial soup rich in
organic and inorganic compounds in ponds on Earth’s surface

A
  • membrane-enclosed

- self-replicating cells

18
Q

Subsurface origin hypothesis,

A

– Life originated in hydrothermal springs on the ocean floor
-Conditions would have been more stable
-Steady and abundant supply of energy (e.g., H2 and H2S) was likely available at these
sites

19
Q

the first believed theory was?

A
  • mineral pores form first biological compartements

- those compartements allowed coupling of energetic reactions to molecular replication

20
Q

origin of celllular life,

A
  • prebiotic chemistry
  • precellular life
  • Early cellular life
  • LUCA
  • Evolutionary diversification
21
Q

HGT (Horizontal Gene Transfer)?

A

exchange of genetic material between cells.

22
Q

First self-replicating system may have been?

A

RNA-based (RNA world theory)

23
Q

so what is the theory of RNA-based (world theory)

A
  1. RNA can bind small molecules
  2. RNA has catalytic activity; may have catalyzed its own synthesis
  3. RNA can be copied like DNA.
24
Q

DNA, a more stable molecule, eventually became

A

the genetic repository

25
Q

Three-part systems(___)evolved and became universal among cells.

A

DNA,RNA and protein

26
Q

Other important steps in the emergence of cellular life

A

– Buildup of lipids
– Synthesis of phospholipid membrane vesicles
– Assembly of vesicles catalyzed by the clay of the mound, produce cytoplasmic membrane.

27
Q

Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)

A

population of early cells from which

cellular life may have diverged into ancestors of modern-day Bacteria and Archaea.

28
Q

As early Earth was anoxic, energy-generating metabolism of primitive cells was
exclusively ______and likely __________.

A
  • anaerobic

- chemoautotrophic

29
Q

at the beginning what was their carbon source?

A

CO2

30
Q

at the beginning what was the energy and electron source?

A

H2

31
Q

H2 came from ?

A

H2 likely generated by H2S reacting wihth FeS( 2 compounds presentun hydrothermal mounds)

32
Q

the electron acceptor?

A

Sulfur

33
Q

Early forms of chemoautotrophic and
photoautotrophic metabolism would
have supported production of large
amounts of

A

organic compounds.

34
Q
Organic material provided an
abundant, diverse, and continually
renewed source of reduced organic
carbon, stimulating evolution of
various \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

chemoheterotrophic

metabolisms

35
Q

what origin of who is important?

A

origing of cyanobacteria

36
Q

origin of cyanobacteria, why is it important?

A

it’s important because before that there was no oxygen