Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is inflammation of the kidney called?

A

nephritis

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2
Q

what is infective inflammation of the kidney called?

A

pyelonephritis

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3
Q

what is non-infective inflammation of the kidney called?

A

glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

glomerulonephritis can be either ______ mediated or related to ___________

A

glomerulonephritis can be either IMMUNE mediated (in the glomerulus) or related to VASCULITIS

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5
Q

name the syndrome related to glomerulonephritis

A

good pasture’s syndrome

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6
Q

name the antibodies related to glomerulonephritis

A

IgG against alpha 3 subunit of collagen 4

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7
Q

name the 3 common infections related to glomerulonephritis

A

hepatitis viruses
bacteria like post strep
HIV

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8
Q

name the 2 drugs causing glomerulonephritis

A

gold and penicillamine

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9
Q

name the 1 cancer that causes circulating immune complexes in glomerulonephritis

A

lymphoma

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10
Q

GPA (wegners) - _ANCA

microscopic polyangitis - _ANCA

A

GPA (wegners) - cANCA
microscopic polyangitis - pANCA

c is cytoplasmic

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11
Q

what do immune complexes do to the sieve?

A

stop/block it

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12
Q

difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?

A

nephritic - haematuria and hypertension

nephrotic - heavy proteinuria, non-dependent oedema, hyperlipidaemia

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13
Q

3 features to classify glomerulonephritis?

A

light microscopy
electron microscopy
immunoflouresence

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14
Q

what is the bad thing seen under microscope in glomerulonephritis?

A

crescent!

rapidly progressive leading to bad prognosis

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15
Q

name the 2 common granulomas seen in the kidneys

A

GPA and sarcoid

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16
Q

what test do you use to see the basement membrane?

A

election microscopy - subepithelial, mesangial, subendothelial

17
Q

name the antibody found in goodpasture’s

A

linear IgG

18
Q

name the scoring system in cystic disease of the kidney

A

bosniak score

19
Q

are acquired cysts of the kidney common?

A

very

20
Q

name the 2 types of polycystic kidney disease

A

autosomal dominant PCKD and autosomal recessive PCKD

21
Q

is ADPCKD common?

A

no - lots and lots of cysts in kidney so becomes huge

22
Q

in those with PKD, aneurysms of what is common?

A

sub arachnoid haemorrhage

23
Q

name the 1 benign and 4 malignant tumours of the kidney

A

benign - oncocytoma

malignant - chromophobe, clear cell, papillary and collecting duct

24
Q

name the paediatric tumour of the kidney

A

wilm’s tumour

25
Q

describe what a oncocytoma is like

A

small, oval and well circumscribed

mahogany brown

very pink and granular under microscope

26
Q

are chromophobes common?

A

no
malignant

look VERY similar oncocytoma (benign)

oncocytic but with raisonoid nuclei and perinuclear haloes

27
Q

2nd most common malignant tumour of kidney?

A

papillary cancer

low grade

finger like projections

28
Q

least common carcinoma?

A

collecting duct carcinoma

proper nasty
high grade

poor survival

29
Q

is clear cell carcinoma common?

A

yes

obesity

haematuria

30
Q

what colour are clear cell carcinoma?

A

bright yellow tumour surface

31
Q

clear cell carcinoma can involve what?

A

renal vein into vena cava up towards the heart

32
Q

who gets minimal change glomerulonephritis?

nephritic or nephrotic?

good prognosis?

treatment?

A

kids

nephrotic

good prognosis

steroids