Pathology 1

Question 1

what is inflammation of the kidney called?

Answer 1

nephritis

Question 2

what is infective inflammation of the kidney called?

Answer 2

pyelonephritis

Question 3

what is non-infective inflammation of the kidney called?

Answer 3

glomerulonephritis

Question 4

glomerulonephritis can be either ______ mediated or related to ___________

Answer 4

glomerulonephritis can be either IMMUNE mediated (in the glomerulus) or related to VASCULITIS

Question 5

name the syndrome related to glomerulonephritis

Answer 5

good pasture’s syndrome

Question 6

name the antibodies related to glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

IgG against alpha 3 subunit of collagen 4

Question 7

name the 3 common infections related to glomerulonephritis

Answer 7

hepatitis viruses
bacteria like post strep
HIV

Question 8

name the 2 drugs causing glomerulonephritis

Answer 8

gold and penicillamine

Question 9

name the 1 cancer that causes circulating immune complexes in glomerulonephritis

Answer 9

lymphoma

Question 10

GPA (wegners) - _ANCA

microscopic polyangitis - _ANCA

Answer 10

GPA (wegners) - cANCA
microscopic polyangitis - pANCA

c is cytoplasmic

Question 11

what do immune complexes do to the sieve?

Answer 11

stop/block it

Question 12

difference between nephritic and nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 12

nephritic - haematuria and hypertension

nephrotic - heavy proteinuria, non-dependent oedema, hyperlipidaemia

Question 13

3 features to classify glomerulonephritis?

Answer 13

light microscopy
electron microscopy
immunoflouresence

Question 14

what is the bad thing seen under microscope in glomerulonephritis?

Answer 14

crescent!

rapidly progressive leading to bad prognosis

Question 15

name the 2 common granulomas seen in the kidneys

Answer 15

GPA and sarcoid

Question 16

what test do you use to see the basement membrane?

Answer 16

election microscopy - subepithelial, mesangial, subendothelial

Question 17

name the antibody found in goodpasture’s

Answer 17

linear IgG

Question 18

name the scoring system in cystic disease of the kidney

Answer 18

bosniak score

Question 19

are acquired cysts of the kidney common?

Answer 19

very

Question 20

name the 2 types of polycystic kidney disease

Answer 20

autosomal dominant PCKD and autosomal recessive PCKD

Question 21

is ADPCKD common?

Answer 21

no - lots and lots of cysts in kidney so becomes huge

Question 22

in those with PKD, aneurysms of what is common?

Answer 22

sub arachnoid haemorrhage

Question 23

name the 1 benign and 4 malignant tumours of the kidney

Answer 23

benign - oncocytoma

malignant - chromophobe, clear cell, papillary and collecting duct

Question 24

name the paediatric tumour of the kidney

Answer 24

wilm’s tumour

Question 25

describe what a oncocytoma is like

Answer 25

small, oval and well circumscribed mahogany brown very pink and granular under microscope

Question 26

are chromophobes common?

Answer 26

no malignant look VERY similar oncocytoma (benign) oncocytic but with raisonoid nuclei and perinuclear haloes

Question 27

2nd most common malignant tumour of kidney?

Answer 27

papillary cancer low grade finger like projections

Question 28

least common carcinoma?

Answer 28

collecting duct carcinoma proper nasty high grade poor survival

Question 29

is clear cell carcinoma common?

Answer 29

yes obesity haematuria

Question 30

what colour are clear cell carcinoma?

Answer 30

bright yellow tumour surface

Question 31

clear cell carcinoma can involve what?

Answer 31

renal vein into vena cava up towards the heart

Question 32

who gets minimal change glomerulonephritis? nephritic or nephrotic? good prognosis? treatment?

Answer 32

kids nephrotic good prognosis steroids