Biochemistry

Question 1

what does GFR stand for?

Answer 1

glomerular filtration rate

Question 2

name the 2 cons of inulin

Answer 2

endogenous and not easy to measure

Question 3

urea cons?

Answer 3

does not appear at constant rate

not reabsorbed from the renal tubule

undergoes extra-renal elimination

Question 4

what is the end product of protein breakdown?

Answer 4

urea

Question 5

where is creatinine made?

Answer 5

muscle

Question 6

creatinine con?

Answer 6

secreted into the renal tubule

Question 7

most reliable way to assess their kidney function - GFR?

Answer 7

creatinine

Question 8

GFR above what is normal?

Answer 8

GFR > 120 is normal

Question 9

if creatinine is really really high, what is not working?

Answer 9

kidneys

Question 10

name some things that alter your creatinine

Answer 10

age
sex
muscle mass
diet

Question 11

what takes into account proxies such as diet, muscle mass, age, sex and ethnicity?

Answer 11

eGFR

Question 12

creatinine isn’t sensitive to changes in GFR until GFR is quite ___

Answer 12

creatinine isn’t sensitive to changes in GFR until GFR is quite LOW

Question 13

what is sensitive to changes in GFR?

Answer 13

urinary creatinine clearance

Question 14

define ‘clearance’

Answer 14

the volume of plasma that is theoretically cleared of a substance per minute

Question 15

urinary clearance equation?

Answer 15

[creatinine]urine x urine volume / [creatinine]serum x duration of collection

Question 16

a CKD value of what represents end stage renal failure?

Answer 16

CKD 5

Question 17

how can you estimate the amount of protein in the urine?

Answer 17

24-hour collection

Question 18

protein of >___mg/day signifies significant glomerular damage

Answer 18

protein of >150mg/day signifies significant glomerular damage

Question 19

microalbuminuria is not found on what?

Answer 19

dipstick

Question 20

what is the earliest expression of diabetic nephropathy?

Answer 20

microalbuminuria

Question 21

what drug is given to those with microalbuminuria?

Answer 21

ACE inhibitor

Question 22

a different urine to serum osmolarity indicates that the tubules are or are not working?

Answer 22

different urine to serum osmolarity = tubules ARE working

Question 23

name the commonest proteinuria

Answer 23

glomerular proteinuria

Question 24

microalbuminuria is common in who?

Answer 24

diabetics

Question 25

glomerular filtration is efficient way to selectively ___ body of waste

Answer 25

glomerular filtration is efficient way to selectively RID body of waste