05 Experimental Evaluation of Interventions / 05.03 Use Withdrawal Designs I

Question 1

One risk to the demonstration of experimental control when using a B-A-B design is that the behavior improves during the B condition and deteriorates during the A condition. improves during the B condition. doesn’t deteriorate during the B condition. doesn’t deteriorate during the A condition.

Answer 1

doesn’t deteriorate during the A condition. In a reversal design, to demonstrate experimental control, there has to be at least two changes in level or trend-one corresponding to the onset of baseline condition and one corresponding to the offset of the baseline condition. If the behavior doesn’t deteriorate during the A condition, there is no difference between the initial B condition and the A condition; therefore, no opportunity for a reversal. (Cooper, Heron, & Heward., 1987, pp. 174-175 Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 180)

Question 2

“Baseline (A) and intervention C are superior to intervention B at INcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
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Chart 1

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What design is characterized by the following conditions: token system for 3 days, no intervention for 5 days, token system for 8 days?
B-A
A-B-A-B
A-B-A-C
B-A-B

Answer 3

B-A-B

Question 4

“Intervention B is superior to baseline (A) and intervention C at DEcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
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Answer 4

2

Question 5

In an A-B-A design, a reversal occurs when
baseline is re-introduced and the behavior approximates the level during the original baseline.
baseline is re-introduced and the behavior is maintained.
the intervention is introduced and the behavior remains at the level during the original baseline.
baseline is re-introduced and the behavior returns to the level during the original intervention.

Answer 5

baseline is re-introduced and the behavior approximates the level during the original baseline.

Question 6

A reversal design can be designated as
A-B-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention.
A-B, where A=baseline, B=intervention.
A-B-C-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2.
A-B-C, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2.

Answer 6

A-B-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention.

Question 7

Introducing an independent variable, withdrawing it, and introducing another independent variable is characteristic of
a multiple treatments design.
a multielement design.
an alternating treatments design.
a reversal design.

Answer 7

a multiple treatments design.

Question 8

Which design could provide the most valid non-intervention measure with a demonstration of experimental control?
B-A-B-A-B
A-B
A-B-A-B
B-A-B-A

Answer 8

A-B-A-B

With any design that begins with an intervention, you will never know for sure what the “natural” non-intervention (true baseline) rate would be. That is, the intervention may permanently change the behavior. Also, each reversal adds to the demonstration of experimental control. (Cooper, Heron, & Heward., 1987, pp. 163-167, 174-175; Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, p. 196)

Question 9

With a reversal design, each reversal
strengthens the demonstration of experimental control.
strengthens the demonstration of generalization.
weakens the demonstration of experimental control.
weakens the demonstration of generalization.

Answer 9

strengthens the demonstration of experimental control.

Question 10

A functional relation using a reversal design calls for (minimally)
baseline followed by implementation in a step-wise fashion across subjects.
baseline and two interventions.
two alternations between the baseline and a particular intervention.
two or more subjects.

Answer 10

two alternations between the baseline and a particular intervention.

Question 11

“Intervention B is superior to baseline (A) and intervention C at DEcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
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Answer 11

Chart 3

Question 12

A multiple treatments design may be designated as
A-B, where A=baseline, B=intervention
A-B-A-C-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2
A-B-C, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2
(all of the others)

Answer 12

A-B-A-C-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2

Question 13

A reversal design can be characterized by
A-B, where A=baseline, B=intervention.
A-B-A-B, where A=baseline, B=intervention.
A-B-C, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2.
A-B-C-A, where A=baseline, B=intervention 1, C=intervention 2.

Answer 13

A-B-A-B, where A=baseline, B=intervention.

Question 14

“Baseline (A) and intervention C are superior to intervention B at INcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
Chart 3
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Chart 1
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Answer 14

Chart 1

Question 15

What design is characterized by the following conditions: no intervention for 3 days, token system for 5 days, no intervention for 8 days, token system for 4 days?
B-A
B-A-B
A-B-A-C
A-B-A-B

Answer 15

A-B-A-B

“A” represents the baseline condition, “B” represents one intervention condition, and “C” represents a second intervention condition. (Cooper, Heron, & Heward., 1987, pp. 163-167; Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, pp. 176-199)

Question 16

“Intervention B is superior to baseline (A) and intervention C at DEcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
Chart 4
Chart 2
Chart 1
Chart 3

Answer 16

Chart 1

Question 17

Introducing, withdrawing, and re-introducing an independent variable is characteristic of
a reversal design.
a multiple treatments design.
a multielement design.
an alternating treatments design.

Answer 17

a reversal design.

ALTERNATING TREATMENTS (simultaneous treatments, multielement multiple schedule)--rapid alternation between two or more treatments
 MULTIPLE BASELINE--staggered implementation of the intervention in a step-wise fashion across subjects, settings, or behaviors
 REVERSAL (withdrawal)--alternation between baseline and a particular intervention
 (Bailey & Burch, 2002; Cooper, Heron, & Heward., 1987, pp. 162-218; Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007, pp. 176-219; Poling et al., 1995; Tawney & Gast, 1984)

Question 18

Which could provide the strongest demonstration of experimental control?
A-B-A
multiple baseline design across two subjects
A-B-A-B-A
B-A-B

Answer 18

A-B-A-B-A

Question 19

Due to the risk of serious injury, you need to intervene on a behavior immediately. What experimental design should you use?
B-A-B
A-B
A-B-A-B
B-A

Answer 19

B-A-B

A-B No. This begins with no intervention (baseline) and it doesn’t demonstrate experimental control. Correct: B-A-B

Question 20

“Baseline (A) and intervention C are superior to intervention B at INcreasing the behavior” is supported experimentally by which data series?
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Chart 1
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Answer 20

Chart 3