8.1 respiratory disorders

Question 1

What does dyspnea indicate in an individual?

Answer 1

Attempting to increase respiratory effort

Dyspnea is often a sign of respiratory distress.

Question 2

Kussmaul respiration is characterized by which of the following?

Answer 2

Slightly faster with large effortless tidal volumes and no expiratory pause

Question 3

What promotes Kussmaul respirations?

Answer 3

Strenuous exercise or metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Which type of respiration is characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing?

Answer 4

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Question 5

Which statement is FALSE regarding respiratory physiology?

Answer 5

Hyperventilation causes acidosis

Question 6

Hypercapnia may result from which of the following?

Answer 6

Apnea

Question 7

Which factors may result in hypoxemia?

Answer 7

• Hypoventilation
• Decreased oxygen content of inspired gas
• Depressed respiratory centre from drugs

Question 8

The term for reduced oxygenation of arterial blood is

Answer 8

Hypoxemia

Question 9

High altitudes may produce hypoxemia through which mechanism?

Answer 9

Decreased inspired oxygen

Question 10

What is a common cause of pulmonary edema?

Answer 10

High hydrostatic pressure in pulmonary capillaries resulting from left ventricular failure

Question 11

Which substance would be dangerous to aspirate even in small quantities?

Answer 11

Gastric contents

Question 12

An aspirated solid may cause all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 12

Pleurisy

Question 13

What is the collapse of lung tissue caused by absorption of air from obstructed alveoli called?

Answer 13

Absorption atelectasis

Question 14

Collapse of the alveoli secondary to pleural effusion is referred to as

Answer 14

Compression atelectasis

Question 15

Which of the following does NOT cause compression atelectasis?

Answer 15

Deep breathing

Question 16

Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi is known as

Answer 16

Bronchiectasis

Question 17

Which statement is FALSE regarding bronchiectasis?

Answer 17

The underlying cause of bronchiectasis is obvious in almost all cases

Question 18

In tension pneumothorax, what happens during inhalation?

Answer 18

Air can enter the pleural space but cannot leave during expiration

Question 19

In pleural effusion, the fluid that diffuses out of capillaries is called

Answer 19

Transudative

Question 20

What is the correct sequence in acute respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 20

• Alveolocapillary membrane injury
• Impaired alveolar compliance and recoil
• Hyaline membrane formation and fibrosis
• Increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability

Question 21

Increased capillary permeability in ARDS causes

Answer 21

Pulmonary edema

Question 22

Obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by

Answer 22

Difficult expiration

Question 23

Which statement is FALSE regarding obstructive pulmonary disease?

Answer 23

The primary problem is that stiffness and/or fibrosis decrease compliance

Question 24

In asthma, what distinguishes it from emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis?

Answer 24

Relatively little or no permanent obstructive change in lung tissue

Question 25

Asthma-induced bronchospasms are thought to be caused by

Answer 25

Interaction of genetic and environmental factors

Question 26

Asthma is less common and its etiology is known as

Answer 26

Intrinsic

Question 27

In chronic bronchitis, which factor does NOT lead to closure of the airway?

Answer 27

Loss of elastic recoil of the alveoli

Question 28

Which statement is FALSE regarding emphysema and chronic obstructive bronchitis?

Answer 28

In emphysema, obstruction results from mucus and inflammation

Question 29

What involves abnormal permanent changes in respiratory bronchioles?

Answer 29

Emphysema

Question 30

Most cases of emphysema are caused by smoking

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which is NOT associated with emphysema?

Answer 31

A productive cough

Question 32

Bronchitis involves only the conductive zone, unlike emphysema and pneumonia.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Lower respiratory tract infections occur more in which population?

Answer 33

The infirm, very young, or old

Question 34

Which statement is FALSE regarding pneumonia?

Answer 34

Regardless of which organism causes it, all pneumonia presents the same symptoms and signs

Question 35

Tuberculosis is caused by

Answer 35

Bacteria

Question 36

What is typical of tuberculosis?

Answer 36

Formation of isolated granulomas

Question 37

Pulmonary embolism is occlusion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus of

Answer 37

* Fat * Blood clot * Air

Question 38

Where do pulmonary embolisms usually originate in pregnant women?

Answer 38

Deep veins in the calf