8.2 pediatric resp. disorders

Question 1

Which is NOT a characteristic of the pulmonary system of children which can contribute to pulmonary pathology?

Answer 1

e. relatively small size of tonsils and adenoids

The pulmonary system characteristics that can contribute to pulmonary pathology include small diameter of tracheobronchial lumina, lower efficiency of accessory muscles of respiration, lower number of alveoli in infants, and high compliancy of the immature chest wall.

Question 2

What is croup?

Answer 2

a. acute laryngotracheobronchitis

Croup is characterized by inflammation of the larynx and trachea, leading to a distinctive barking cough.

Question 3

The cause of croup is

Answer 3

c. infection

Croup is primarily caused by viral infections.

Question 4

Which type of microbe is most commonly involved in the etiology of croup?

Answer 4

b. virus

Viruses, particularly parainfluenza, are the most common causative agents of croup.

Question 5

Which is FALSE regarding croup?

Answer 5

a. It is most common in girls from 2 to 6 years of age.

Croup is more common in boys than girls in this age group.

Question 6

Which is NOT a clinical manifestation of epiglottitis?

Answer 6

a. apathy and calmness

Epiglottitis typically presents with agitation and severe distress.

Question 7

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) of the newborn is also called

Answer 7

b. hyaline membrane disease

RDS is a condition primarily seen in premature infants due to surfactant deficiency.

Question 8

Which is NOT a predisposing factor for RDS of the newborn?

Answer 8

d. female gender

Male infants are more commonly affected by RDS than females.

Question 9

The primary problem in RDS of the newborn is

Answer 9

c. atelectasis

In RDS, the lack of surfactant leads to alveolar collapse (atelectasis).

Question 10

Which of the following is an INCORRECT sequence of events in RDS?

Answer 10

a. respiratory acidosis, hypoxic vasoconstriction, atelectasis

The correct sequence involves atelectasis occurring first due to surfactant deficiency.

Question 11

Causes of atelectasis in the newborn include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 11

c. relatively large epiglottis

A large epiglottis is not a cause of atelectasis; rather, it can be a feature in other conditions.

Question 12

The chief predisposing factor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn is

Answer 12

b. premature birth

Prematurity is the most significant risk factor for RDS due to underdeveloped lungs.

Question 13

Cystic Fibrosis is caused by

Answer 13

a. autosomal recessive inheritance

Cystic Fibrosis results from a mutation in the CFTR gene inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

Question 14

Which is FALSE regarding Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 14

d. The mucus is less viscous.

In CF, mucus is actually thicker and more viscous due to ion transport defects.

Question 15

Which is FALSE regarding respiratory problems in CF?

Answer 15

c. Bronchial arteries are unaffected and hemoptysis does not occur.

Hemoptysis can occur in CF due to bronchial artery involvement.

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis affects primarily the respiratory system and

Answer 16

e. c and d

Cystic fibrosis also significantly impacts the gastrointestinal system and reproductive tract.

Question 17

Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by

Answer 17

b. virus

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis.

Question 18

Which is NOT part of the pathophysiology and symptoms of bronchiolitis?

Answer 18

e. underexpansion of lungs and thoracic cage

While bronchiolitis can lead to respiratory distress, underexpansion is not a primary feature.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT associated with bronchiolitis?

Answer 19

d. gender

Bronchiolitis predominantly affects infants and is not significantly influenced by gender.

Question 20

What is the most common bacterial pathogen in children 1-4 years?

Answer 20

a. streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial infections in this age group.

Question 21

Which is the most common cause of viral pneumonia in the pediatric patient?

Answer 21

b. Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)

RSV is a primary cause of viral pneumonia in children.

Question 22

In 50% of asthma cases, the asthma develops in childhood.

Answer 22

a. true

Asthma frequently manifests during childhood years.

Question 23

In asthma, bronchospasm can be triggered by all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 23

d. relaxation

Relaxation does not trigger bronchospasm; rather, triggers include exercise and allergens.

Question 24

Which does NOT play a major role in childhood asthma?

Answer 24

a. low socioeconomic status

While socioeconomic status can influence health outcomes, it is not a direct cause of asthma.

Question 25

In a typical acute asthma attack, major symptoms include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 25

c. chest pain ## Footnote Chest pain is not a typical symptom of an acute asthma attack.

Question 26

Which is typical of the pathophysiology of asthma?

Answer 26

d. inflammation of respiratory zone ## Footnote Asthma is characterized by inflammation, bronchial hyperreactivity, and airway obstruction.

Question 27

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome occurs most often between _______ months of age.

Answer 27

2, 4 ## Footnote SIDS most commonly occurs in infants aged between 2 to 4 months.

Question 28

Risk factors associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 28

f. sleeping in supine position ## Footnote Sleeping in a supine position is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS.