Mortality

Question 1

What is maternal mortality?

Answer 1

The death of a woman when pregnant or within 42 days of termination

Question 2

What is maternal morbidity?

Answer 2

Severe health complications occurring in pregnancy and delivery not resulting in death

Question 3

How often is there a maternal death worldwide?

Answer 3

1 every 2 minutes

Question 4

What is the maternal mortality ratio?

Answer 4

Number of deaths during given time period per 100,000 live-births - risk associated with each pregnancy

Question 5

What is the maternal mortality rate?

Answer 5

Number of deaths per 100,000 women of reproductive age - obstetric risk and frequency with which women are exposed to that risk

Question 6

What are the methods for measuring maternal deaths?

Answer 6

Facility based = health information systems, registries and audits

Population/community based = notification by law, vital registration, census and surveys

Question 7

Why do mothers die?

Answer 7

Direct deaths = obstetric complications (haemorrhage, sepsis, preeclampsia, obstruction and unsafe abortion)

Indirect deaths = disorder which is exacerbated by pregnancy (malaria)

Late deaths = >42 days after the end of pregnancy but within 1 year

Question 8

What are the causes of maternal deaths?

Answer 8

Haemorrhage
Sepsis
Hypersensitive disorders
Obstructed labour
Unsafe abortion

Question 9

What are the principles of the 3 delays model?

Answer 9

• Delay in decision to seek care
• Delay in reaching care
• Delay in receiving care

Question 10

How can maternal mortality be prevented ?

Answer 10

Antenatal care
Skilled attendant at birth
Emergency obstetric care

Question 11

Define stillbirth

Answer 11

Birth of a dead baby after 20/24/28 weeks or weighing more than 500g

Question 12

Define early neonatal death

Answer 12

Within the first week of life

Question 13

Define late neonatal death

Answer 13

Within the first 28 days of life

Question 14

Define infant mortality

Answer 14

Death of an infant within the first year of life

Question 15

Define child mortality

Answer 15

Death of a child within the first 5 years of life

Question 16

What causes babies to die?

Answer 16

Missing
Congenital anomaly
Cord
Fetal
Infection
Intrapartum
Maternal
Neonatal
Placenta
Termination

Question 17

Where do babies die?

Answer 17

Sub-Saharan African children are 14x more likely to die before age 5 than in developed regions

Question 18

What is essential newborn care?

Answer 18

Ensure baby is breathing
Starting newborn on breastfeeding
Keeping the baby warm
Washing hands before touching the baby