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PSYC112 Lectures > Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Eight > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Eight Flashcards

Substance Use Disorders

1
Q

One unit of alcohol for ordinary strength beer or lager

A

1/2 pint (284mls)

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2
Q

One unit of alcohol for average strength wine

A

1 glass (125mls)

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3
Q

One unit of alcohol for fortified wine (e.g. Sherry)

A

1 glass (50mls)

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4
Q

One unit of alcohol for spirits

A

25mls

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5
Q

Low risk

A

‘Safe drinking’, where intake is unlikely to be associated with harm

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6
Q

Low risk quantities for males

A

21 units/week

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7
Q

Low risk quantities for females

A

14 units/week

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8
Q

Hazardous drinking

A

Intake likely to increase risk of developing alcohol related harm

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9
Q

Hazardous drinking quantities for males

A

22-50 units/week

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10
Q

Hazardous drinking quantities for females

A

15/35 units/week

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11
Q

Harmful drinking

A

A pattern of drinking associated with the development of alcohol related harm (physical or psychological)

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12
Q

Harmful drinking quantities for male

A

> 50 units/week

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13
Q

Harmful drinking quantities for female

A

> 35 units/week

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14
Q

What percent of adults drank alcohol in a way that could harm themselves or others in the last year?

A

20%

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15
Q

Hazardous drinking rates of Maori

A

33%

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16
Q

Hazardous drinking rates of NZ European

A

20%

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17
Q

Hazardous drinking rates in men

A

27%

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18
Q

Hazardous drinking rates in women

A

12%

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19
Q

Hazardous drinking rates of youth aged 18-24%

A

33%

20
Q

How much more likely were adult drinkers in the most economically deprived areas to be hazardous drinkers than adult drinkers in the least deprived areas?

A

1.7

21
Q

Percent of adults to use cannabis in the past year?

A

12%

22
Q

Percent of adults to use amphetamine?

A

1%

23
Q

Public health problems that substance use disorders have been liked to

A

Serious medical illnesses
Impaired driving resulting in significant injury or death
Criminal and violent behaviour

24
Q

Criminal and violent behaviour

A

63% of all violent crime occurs during an intoxicated or drug-induced state
Overall impact of the substance use-violence relationship exceeds $200 billion per year in the U.S. alone

25
Q

Problematic pattern of use which impairs functioning, including two or more symptoms within a one year period

A 
Failure to meet obligations
Repeated use in dangerous situations
Repeated relationship problems
Continued use despite problems caused
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Substance taken for a longer time or in greater amounts than intended 
Efforts to reduce or control use ineffective
Time spent acquiring
Impairment to functioning
Cravings
26
Q

Diagnosis is substance specific

A 
Alcohol
Tobacco
Cannabis
Hallucinogens 
Opioids
Stimulants
Anxiolytics
Inhalants
Caffeine
27
Q

Classification of diagnosis

A

Use, intoxication and withdrawal

28
Q

Addiction

A

Severe substance use disorder (6 or more symptoms)

29
Q

Tolerance

A

Larger doses required for the same effect

30
Q

Withdrawal effects

A

Physical and psychological

31
Q

Physical withdrawal effects

A

Shaking, flu-like symptoms, pain

32
Q

Psychological withdrawal effects

A

Anxiety, irritability, depression

33
Q

Drug classes

A

Depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and cannabis

34
Q

Depressants

A

Decrease central nervous system activity

35
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase central nervous system activity

36
Q

Poly-substance use

A

The use of two or more substances, especially alcohol

37
Q

Gender differences

A

Men more likely to use alcohol and psychoactive drugs overall
Women more likely to misuse in response to stress or self-medicate
Women have lower tolerance to alcohol than men

38
Q

Aetiology of substance use disorders

A

Genetics, biochemical factors, behavioural and sociocultural

39
Q

Genetic aetiology

A

More biological vulnerability to substance abuse

40
Q

Biochemical factor example

A

Dopamine coming into play during substance use, making it more enjoyable and addicting

41
Q

Treatment for substance use disorders

A

Biological treatments, aversion therapy, motivational interviewing and 12-step program

42
Q

Biological treatments - alcohol dependance

A

Detoxification and antagonist therapy

43
Q

Detoxification

A

Making the person just not use the substance - ‘cold turkey’

44
Q

12-step program

A

Very psychosocial, based on social support

45
Q

Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

A

Self-help program with 100,000 chapters + in 100 + countries, regular meetings and shared stories, mentoring

46
Q

Effectiveness of Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

A

Evidence supports efficacy when engaged but unclear if > other treatments and dropout high

47
Q

Rationale of Alcoholics/Narcotics Anonymous

A

Disease without cure “alcoholic”, abstinence the goal and religious

PSYC112 Lectures (34 decks)

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