Abnormal Psychology - Lecture Two

Question 1

Anxiety

Answer 1

Apprehension about an anticipated issue

Question 2

Fear or panic

Answer 2

Apprehension response to immediate threat or danger

Question 3

Components of anxiety

Answer 3

Cognitive/subjective
Physiological
Behavioural

Question 4

Fight or flight response

Answer 4

Causes sweating, shaking, racing heart, shallow breathing

Question 5

Anxiety disorders

Answer 5

28% of people in the US for lifetime

Question 6

Anxiety disorders consequences

Answer 6

Financial cost
Medical
Employment
Interpersonal
Reduced quality of life

Question 7

Types of anxiety disorders

Answer 7

Phobias (specific, social, or agoraphobia)
Panic disorder
Generalised
Obsessive-compulsive
Post-traumatic stress

Question 8

Generalised anxiety disorder

Answer 8

Characterised by apprehensive expectations, it is ‘free-floating’ rather than situational. Individuals are worried about a number of events and activities, which they tend to find very difficult to control

Question 9

Panic disorder

Answer 9

Characterised by a discrete period of intense dear in the absence of real danger and has a sudden onset and builds rapidly. Panic disorder is not predictable or confined to a given situation and can often lead to avoidance of situations otherwise free of anxiety between attacks

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

Marked fear or anxiety about at least 2 of the following situations;
Using public transport
Being in open spaces
Being in enclosed spaces
Standing in line or being in a crowd
Being outside of the home alone
The feared situations produce anxiety and are either avoided, require a companion to enter, or endured with intense dear or anxiety

Question 11

Social anxiety disorder

Answer 11

Fear or anxiety about one or more social situations where the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others, social situations are avoided or endured with intense dear or anxiety

Question 12

Specific phobias

Answer 12

Anxiety evoked by specific circumstances or situations where fear is out of proportion to the situation but beyond voluntary control therefore situations are avoided

Question 13

Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders

Answer 13

Obsessive-compulsive
Body dysmorphic
Hoarding

Question 14

Common features of obsessive-compulsive-related disorder

Answer 14

Repetitive thoughts and behaviours which cause distress, feel uncomfortable and time intensive

Question 15

Obsessions

Answer 15

Intrusive and recurring thoughts, images, or impulses that are persistent, uncontrollable, and irrational

Question 16

Compulsions

Answer 16

Repetitive, excessive behaviours or mental acts as a person is driven to perform go reduce anxiety caused by obsessive thoughts or prevent expected consequences

Question 17

DSM-5 PTSD A

Answer 17

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence

Question 18

DSM-5 PTSD B

Answer 18

Presence of one or more intrusive symptoms: Distressing memories, dreams, flashbacks, distress and/or arousal response to internal/external reminders

Question 19

DSM-5 PTSD C

Answer 19

Persistent avoidance of associated stimuli, by one or more: Avoidance of actual or external triggers for memories, thoughts, feelings

Question 20

DSM-5 PTSD D

Answer 20

Negative alterations in cognition and mood (two or more): Amnesia, negative beliefs, blame for cause/consequences, negative emotional state, loss of interest/pleasure, detachment/estrangement

Question 21

DSM-5 PTSD E

Answer 21

Marked alterations in arousal and reactivity (two or more): Irritable, reckless, hyper-vigilance, startle response, concentration, sleep

Question 22

DSM-5 PTSD F

Answer 22

Duration > one month

Question 23

DSM-5 PTSD G

Answer 23

Clinically significant distress, impairment, not due to substance/medical condition

Question 24

Psychological treatments of anxiety

Answer 24

Common techniques: relaxation, cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy and behaviour experiments where individuals are challenged, habituated and learn

Question 25

Exposure therapy

Answer 25

Effective in 70-90% that is comprehensive for long-term maintenance