Stage 5 AF Flight Guidance Flashcards

1
Q

What does flight guidance split into?

A

1) FD
2) AP
3) A/THR

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2
Q

Describe the “RWY” lateral mode.

A

Managed
Uses LOC to give Yaw Bar
Triggered by FLEX/TOGA

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3
Q

Describe the “Nav” lateral mode.

A

Managed Mode
Guide A/C on FPL
Available at 30ft automatically at takeoff

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4
Q

Describe the “RWY TRK” lateral mode.

A

Managed
Guides A/C on pre-selected track
engages after takeoff

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5
Q

When does the A/C revert to HDG-TRK?

A

1) FPL discontinuity.
2) AP engaged without FD.
3) Loss of FPL / Nav Backup

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6
Q

When does “LAND” mode engage?

A

400 RA if LOC and G/S modes are engaged

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7
Q

What are “GA TRK” triggering conditions?

A

TOGA with Flaps 1 at least

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8
Q

what is are SRS target speeds? When does SRS disengage?

A

V2, V2+10, Vapp.

ACC ALT

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9
Q

Can you select speeds in CLB/DES modes? What is a precaution

A

Yes, the lateral constraints will be followed without the speed limits/constraints

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10
Q

What are the thrust modes of CLB, DES and Open CLB/DES modes?

A

CLB : CLB
DES: THRUST or SPEED modes
OP CLB/DES: THRUST Mode

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11
Q

What is the “FLARE” mode guidance and when does it engage?

A

RWY C/L alignement on yaw axis and flare in pitch.

Engages below 50 RA

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12
Q

Describe interaction between AP/FD and A/THR modes?

A

They cannot simultaneously control the speed. If thrust controls speed then FD controls trajectroy. If AP/FD controls speed, A/THR controls thrust

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13
Q

What thrust mode egages if there is no AP/FD mode?

A

SPD/MACH

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14
Q

Describe how speed and trajectory is maintained in OP CLB/OP DES?

A

Thrust is at CLB/IDLE while pitch attiude controls the speed

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15
Q

When does DES use SPEED/MACH?

A

When it is follwoing the geometric segment

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16
Q

What does the FD show you?

A

the FMGC guidance commands on the PFD

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17
Q

When does the vertical FD bar get replaced by the yaw bar?

A

below 30ft

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18
Q

What shows on the FD column if FD 1 is off and FD 2 is on?

A
  • FD 2
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19
Q

At what pitch and roll angles do FD’s disappear ?

A

Pitch +25 / -13

AOB > 45

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20
Q

When do the pitch FD bars flash permanently?

A

when GS signal is interrupted when in GS/GS*/LAND modes above 100 RA

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21
Q

When do the roll FD bars flash permanently?

A

When LOC signal is interrupted in LOC/LOC*/LAND modes above 15 RA

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22
Q

What may cause the FD pitch bar to flash temporarily? 10 seconds

A

1) FCU altitude chance in ALT*
2) When APPR modes revert to basic mode
3) FD/AP engagement

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23
Q

What may cause the FD roll bar to flash temporarily? 10 seconds

A

1) Lateral APPR mode reversions

2) AP/FD engagement

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24
Q

Role of autopilot? How does it acheive that?

A

1) Stabilize A/C Around CG
2) Acquire and track flight path
Acheived by commanding the flight control surfaces and nose wheel

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25
Q

What happens if the AP is engages when FDs are off?

A

engages in HDG VS

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26
Q

At what attitudes does AP disconnect?

A

25 Up 13 Down and AOB 45

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27
Q

What will cause A/P to disconnect?

A

1) takeover pb or AP FCU pb
2) Sidestick/Rudder/THS pushed over defined threshold
3) Engagement condition lost
4) High speed or AOA protection activate

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28
Q

Does expedite respect CSTR?

A

No

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29
Q

What A/THR mode operates without AP/FD?

A

SPEED

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30
Q

Can the managed speed show a speed below maneouvering speed? Will it go below green speeds?

A

Yes but it will not go below them

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31
Q

What is the managed speed target in the approach?

A

GS Mini

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32
Q

Can speeds be SELECTED below VLS and above VMO? What will limit A/C from exceeding them

A

Yes but A/THR if active will limit it

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33
Q

When is the only scenrio when Managed speed prioritizes over selected speed?

A

In GA

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34
Q

can crew select a speed on ground with engines running?

A

No

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35
Q

When passing changeover altitude, will the speed switch to mach if in selected?

A

No, the crew has to press SPD/Mach

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36
Q

What is the target speed in case of dual FM fail below 700 in full ILS approach?

A

Vapp

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37
Q

What is the target speed in case of dual FM in GA?

A

speed at GA or Vapp which ever higher

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38
Q

In cases other than ILS and GA, what happens to target speed in dual FM fail?

A

target is the speed at the moment of the failure

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39
Q

What vertical mode turns on if T/O without FD?

A

V/S engages after 5s and speed selected at V/S engagement

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40
Q

What are the AP/FD lateral modes? 9

A

1) RWY/RWY TRK
2) NAV
3) HDG/TRK
4) APP NAV
5) LOC*/LOC
6) LAND
7) FINAL APP
8) ROLL OUT
9) GA TRK

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41
Q

What are the AP/FD vertical modes? (14)

A

1) SRS (T/O and GA)
2) CLB
3) DES
4) OP CLB
5) OP DES
6) EXP CLB/DES
7) V/S or FPA
8) ALT* / ALT CSTR*
9) ALT / ALT CSTR
10) ALT CRZ
11) G/S and G/S *
12) FINAL
13) FLARE
14) TCAS

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42
Q

How to preset HDG/TRK before T/O? How to remove the preselection

A

Set the value on the FCU with A/C below 30 RA. This will not allow NAV to engage. Press back the button to deselect HDG and re arm NAV

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43
Q

If A/THR fails how can a crew quickly attempt to reengage it?

A

Try the second AP

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44
Q

Can you push in NAV if LOC is engaged?

A

No

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45
Q

How close should an A/C be to FPL route for NAV to engage when knob pushed?

A

1nm

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46
Q

What mode engages in GA? how to deselect that?

A

Nav, you may preselect a heading for the GA rather than NAV to engage as you do on takeoff

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47
Q

What is the only lateral mode you may use CLB / DES managed modes?

A

Only available in NAV

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48
Q

LOC enagement conditions?

A

Above 400RA and ILS tuned

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49
Q

Does a DIR TO disenage LOC?

A

No

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50
Q

What needs to be on FCU for CLB to engage after takeoff?

A

FCU to be above ACC ALT

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51
Q

What may disarm CLB in ALT CSTR/CSTR*?

A

NAV mode lost or FCU altitute set same as CSTR

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52
Q

If in CLB and the A/C will not be able to meet ALT CSTR, will the CLB mode adjust the speed to meet the altitude CSTR?

A

No, the flight crew must intervene

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53
Q

How does CLB use pitch and A\THR?

A

Pitch controls the profile while A/THR controls the speed

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54
Q

How does OP CLB use pitch and A\THR?

A

A/THR commands max CLB thrust while pitch controls the speed

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55
Q

Can CLB/OP CLB engage if prompted after LAND mode?

A

No

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56
Q

What disengages OP CLB

A

1) Selecting lower altitude

2) Engagement of another vertical mode

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57
Q

What are the three segments of DES mode?

A

Repressurization segment
Idle segment
Geometric segment

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58
Q

Arming conditions for DES?

A

FCU ALT below
NAV/LOC/LOC*
Flight Profile available

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59
Q

Will A/C still fly the DES profile if in Selected speed?

A

Yes

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60
Q

What happens if DES is engaged before TOD? After TOD?

A

It will descend at a low V/S until it converges to the computed path. After TOD it will descend at idle thrust

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61
Q

What does the DES intercept symbol calculate?

A

Idle Thrust
Half speed brake extention
ECON speed plus a margin

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62
Q

How does DES mode react when below the profile?

A

1) When above the descent speed altitude limit, it flies V/S 1000 till profile regained
2) When below the descent speed limit altitude, it flies V/S 500 till profile regained

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63
Q

What is the calculated DES profile in HOLD with ALT CSTR?

A

V/S -1000 as A/THR commands hold speed until the ALT CST is cleared and hold exit

64
Q

What does ‘TOO STEEP PATH” consider?

A

Vertical path not possible to intercept with half speed brake

65
Q

Can you use open descent for final approach?

A

No

66
Q

How is the open descent guidance done?

A

A/THR commands idle thrust

pitch controls speed

67
Q

How is OPEN DES engaged?

A

1) Pull ALT knob

2) Selecting manual speed in EXP mode

68
Q

What is the ALT* capture zone defined by?

A

The current V/S of the A/C

69
Q

What are the ALT* limitations?

A

1) Cannot be engaged below 400

2) Inhibited for 3s after FCU ALT knob change

70
Q

How are altitude capture modes disengaged?

A

1) Turning V/S knob > 250ft
and crew does not confirm the new altitude on FCU or push/pull V/S knob
2) Other vertical mode with a different FCU alt

71
Q

When does ALT* change to ALT?

A

Reach selected altitude by less than 20ft

72
Q

Does altitude capture modes have internal protections?

A

Yes, it limits V/S when VLS/VMax reached

73
Q

What happens if baro is changed during altitude capture?

A

The FCU altitude may overshoot but the newly referenced altitude will be captured

74
Q

Is there a minimum for ALT mode to arm?

A

yes it disregards FCU changes less than 250 ft

75
Q

Will new altitude selections or new baro settings affect ALT engagement and current held altitude?

A

no

76
Q

what limitation exists regarding engaging A/P when following FD’s in ALT mode?

A

1) if within 250ft of altitude is within 250ft

2) AP will command a level off if ALT more than 250 ft from FCU alt

77
Q

What does the SOFT ALT function do?

A

If allows 50ft margin to be flowing in the cruise altitude to improve efficiency and comfort

78
Q

When does the vertical mode revert to V/S?

A

1) 5 seconds after liftoff without V2
2) Loss of G/S LOC and their capture modes
3) Loss of NAV or vertical path in Des
4) Loss of FINAL mode
5) TCAS disengagement

79
Q

When does V/S disengage automatically?

A

G/S*

TCAS mode

80
Q

What is the A/THR mode and pitch associated with V/S?

A

A/THR controls SPEED/MACH

pitch controls V/S

81
Q

What has priority, speed or V/S guidance?

A

V/S

82
Q

What happens if A/P is engaged when on V/S and FD on?

A

The AP will resynchronize with the instantaneous V/S at AP engagement and not the V/S original selection

83
Q

What guidance is provided after TCAS mode disengaged after CLEAR OF CONFLICT?

A

AFS provides guidance to the latests altitude target on FCU

84
Q

When is TCAS mode inhibited?

A

1) NAV TCAS FAULT
2) AF TCAS MODE FAULT
3) TA only
4) FD inoperative
5) A/C below 900 RA
6) EGPWS/ W/S Stall warnings

85
Q

What happens in AP/FDs are off if TCAS mode engages?

A

AP/FD are engaged automatically with HDG mode

86
Q

Will TCAS green keep TRK mode?

A

No it will switch to HDG and and when clear of conflict TRK FPA deselected will show on FMA

87
Q

What happens if in ALT CRZ and TCAS demands level OFF?

A

ALT CRZ remains armed

88
Q

What precatution exists with TCAS mode and altitude capture?

A

If altitude capture conditions occur the TCAS mode will capture the altitude without ALT* on FMA

89
Q

What happens when TCAS engages while in G/S?

A

LOC engages and APPR disengages. Can be re-engaged even if not clear of conflict!

90
Q

What is the A/THR mode when TCAS is engaged? What is the target?

A

SPEED/MACH, it targets the speed at RA occurance

91
Q

What happens to A/THR if the TCAS engages while A/THR is disengaged?

A

A/THR becomes armed or activates depending on thrust lever position

92
Q

What consideration exists around RA occurrence at THR RED ALT?

A

LVR CLB is inhibited if RA climb is > 500fpm until VFE-20.

if below that value the LVR CLB will come before THR RED ALT

93
Q

When does TCAS disengage?

A

1) Clear of conflict
2) Engage another vertical
3) TCAS mode is lost

94
Q

What happens to the lateral mode when TCAS disengages?

A

It remains engaged

95
Q

What V/S value does TCAS clear of conflict revert to?

A

+500 fpm it at 30,000’ or above

+/- 1000fpm in all other cases

96
Q

V/S reversion in case of TCAS mode failure ?

A

if negative RA V/S 0

if positive RA the V/S is same at the time of failure

97
Q

What protection is inhibited with TCAS mode?

A

Alpha Floor

98
Q

Will the V/S be adjustable in TCAS mode?

A

no

99
Q

What is an engagement condition for EXP mode? When does it disengage automatically?

A

Managed Speed.

Disengages on ALT* capture

100
Q

What is the target speed in EXP CLB/DES?

A

CLB is Green Dot

DES is 340/0.8M

101
Q

When a mode reversion occurs due to NAV mode disengagement for any reason what should crew do to confirm that?

A
Crew can confirm within 5s by:
1) FCU Alt change
2) Level Off
3) Selection of V/S
Other wise triple click and FDs will flash
102
Q

Are ALT and speed constraints kept in mode reversion?

A

Speed limit is only kept

103
Q

How will the A/C react if the crew don’t follow FD commands in open climb with AP off?

A

The A/THR will command climb thrust regardless if crew follow FD’s or not.
Automatic Speed Protection will disengage the FD’s at Vmax+4 and A/THR reverts from THR CLB to SPEED

104
Q

What occurs when V/S command is too excessive (CLB and DES)?

A

V/S will the value where Vls in climb or VMAX in descent were reached (V/S boxed in amber on FMA)

105
Q

How will A/C react if the crew don’t follow Open DES FD command with AP off?

A

The A/THR will command Idle thrust so speed will decay until below VLS so the FD will disengage and A/THR reverts to SPEED.

106
Q

Will TCAS mode ever exceed VLS or Vmax?

A

No, the TCAS pitch command will reduce to maintain them if ever reached in RA

107
Q

SRS engagement conditions?

A

TOGA or FLEW
V2 inserted
Slats extended

108
Q

SRS disengagement conditions?

A

1) Automatically at ACC ALT or ALT* if above 400
2) Engaging another vertical mode or selecting a speed
3) TCAS mode engages

109
Q

What speed is maintained in SRS? In Engine out?

A

V2+10

OEI: V2 or current whichever is higher

110
Q

What does SRS ensure?

A

Minimum V/S of 120fpm

2) Attitude protection on takeoff (e.g. windshear)
3) Speed protection till V2+15

111
Q

Will SRS disengage if FCU inadvertently is set below current altitude?

A

No unless another vertical mode is engaged

112
Q

When does RWY come?

A

Up to 30 ft if RWY has LOC

113
Q

What are APPR mode arming conditions? (ILS)

A

1) ILS approach selected
2) Above 400 RA
3) ILS and RA available
4) Both receivers on same ILS

114
Q

When does the FCU get locked in approach?

A

below 400RA

115
Q

Describe enhanced LOC capture funtion?

A

In order not to overshoot the LOC, a geographical pre-capture of the LOC beam is commanded before the LOC is alive (LOC*) the AF uses a 15 degree convergence angle to achieve that

116
Q

Can G/S engage above RA height?

A

Yes but capability will remain CAT 1 until RA is alive

117
Q

What does LAND mode signify? How is it diengaged then?

A

below 400 RA the LOC, G/S and FCU are locked. Only disengages in:

1) Go Around
2) APPR button pressed after A/C om ground for 10s
3) AP/FD disengaged

118
Q

When does FLARE mode come? What happen then

A

Before 40ft. At 30 the AP/FD aligns and flares A/C as A/THR commands IDLE. Nose down command sent at touchdown

119
Q

How is speed control retained in approach in case FMGS fails in approach?

A

At 700 RA the Vapp and wind are memorized and cannot be changed or lost

120
Q

When does AUTOLAND warning become active and when does it flash?

A

It becomes active below 200 RA with AP engaged on LAND or FLARE. It flashes when:

1) LOC dev > 1/4 or signal loss above 15 RA
2) GS dev > 1 dot or signal loss above 100 RA
3) RA difference > 15 RA
4) Last A/P disengages
5) Long or untimely flare detected

121
Q

APP NAV arming conditions? (NPA)

A

1) above 400 RA

2) valid FPL and NPA selected

122
Q

How is APP NAV arming shown on FMA?

A

1) If in HDG/TRK: FINAL / APP NAV Blue

2) If in NAV: APP NAV engages

123
Q

When is APP NAC disarmed?

A

1) Pressing APPR or LOC
2) ILS APP selected on FMS
3) Go Around
4) TCAS Mode engages

124
Q

How to know if the APP NAV will engaged when in HDG/TRK?

A

TO WPT must be shown in white on ND

125
Q

What should the “TO” waypoint be when APP NAV is armed?

A

The FDP point

126
Q

What are the engagement conditions for FINAL APP?

A

APP NAV / NAV engages
FINAL is armed
Predictions available
Approach phase activated and sequenced from FDP

127
Q

What is the capture zone for FINAL APP?

A

FDP -/+ 1.5nm (laterally)

FDP +150ft (vertically)

128
Q

What is a precaution existing about engaging FINAL APP early?

A

May result in inappropraite speed/altitude management in FINAL APP

129
Q

What does it mean if the FINAL APP TOD arrow is not blue?

A

One engagement condition is not fulfilled

130
Q

What is the definition of a FAF?

A

The position from where the position clearance is defined relative to an Obstacle Clearance Surface. May come at of after FDP

131
Q

What happens if the FINAL APP remains engaged till MAPt?

A

Reversion to HDG V/S

132
Q

When does the FINAL APP disengage?

A

1) Pushin APP or LOC
2) Pulling HDG/TRK
3) Selecting Precision APP
4) Go Around

133
Q

What is a precaution regarding changing the NPA when FINAL APP is engaged?

A

Must press APPR to engage new approach

134
Q

What are the vertical and lateral modes in GA?

A

SRS and GA Track/NAV

135
Q

What are the engagement conditions for GA?

A

TOGA and Config 1 or more

136
Q

What is the speed target in GA SRS? After GA?

A

Vapp or current whichever higher (Limited VLS+25).

After GA its either Gdot or SPEED CSTR

137
Q

What is the A/THR mode without AP/PFD?

A

Speed

138
Q

What are the A/THR arming conditions?

A

1) One FMGC/FAC/FCU channel/LGCIU

2) Two ADIRS and FADECs

139
Q

What is the standard disconnection method for A/THR?

A

1) Instinctive pbs

2) Set levers to IDLE detents

140
Q

When does THR LOCK function come when in normal CLB/MCT detent?

A

1) Pushing the A/THR on FCU

2) A/THR disconnects due to a failure

141
Q

What are three “Temporary Abnormal Behaviors” affecting flight guidance?

A

1) Unexpected G/S mode armed
2) CAT 3 Dual INOP
3) Spurious CAT 2 Dual INOP

142
Q

What may cause the “Unexpected G/S mode armed” abnormal behavior? How to address it?

A

When all APs/FDs and A/THR disconnect simultaneously.

1) On ground: Perform A/C power off
2) Inflight: Recycle APPR button (note: even if performing LOC only approach, recycle is necessary to disarm G/S)

143
Q

What may trigger the “CAT 3 DUAL” with no fails under INOP SYS? How to address it?

A

If an ADR or IR is rejected by FAC or FMGC.

1) Switch APs
2) Reset both FAC pb’s in order

144
Q

The ABM and AN- series may give out spurious “CAT 2 INOP” without any system failures, what may cause it and the respective solution for the issue?

A

May be caused when FMGSs erroneously detect ILS tuning disagreement.

1) Tune 108.0/ 0 degrees on RNAV ILS
2) Check problem disappears
3) Clear the RNAV entry

145
Q

What are the three common A/THR modes?

A

1) THRUST (AP/FD maitain speed)
2) SPEED (AP/FD maintain path)
3) RETARD (Autoland)

146
Q

Describe A/THR RETARD mode?

A

In autoland and LAND mode with AP on, at 40ft A/THR commands IDLE thrust as long as the A/P remains on otherwise reverts to SPEED. The FMA reads RETARD then IDLE

147
Q

What is the flight envelope range in which ALPHA FLOOR is available?

A

From liftoff will 100 RA

148
Q

When does the “A FLOOR” revert to “TOGA LK”?

A

When A/C leaves a-floor conditions

149
Q

What are the speed limits in A/THR speed/mach mode?

A

Selected: VLS and VMax (V/Mmo, VFE, VLE etc)
Managed: Green speeds and VMax (340, VFE, VLE etc)

150
Q

What is the function of APPR A/THR?

A

Below 3200 RA with CONF 1 at least, the A/THR becomes more responsive to speed variations

151
Q

When is G/S mini active and what are its inputs?

A

Active when: Speed is managed and APPR phase active

Inputs: Tower HW/ Current HW and VAPP

152
Q

How is the VAPP calculated in GS Mini?

A

VLS + 1/3 Tower HW or VLS+5 whichever is greater

Max +15kts

153
Q

How is the VAPP managed speed target computed?

A

VAPP + (Current HW- TWR HW)

154
Q

On/during descent, the VERT DEV is considered reliable as long as the crosstrack is less than what?

A

The flight crew can use the VERT DEV to monitor the descent provided that the crosstrack error is less than 5 NM.

155
Q

What are the parameters foe Waypoint sequencing?

A

The waypoint is behind the aircraft

The XTK between the FMS lateral flight plan and the aircraft is less than 7 NM

The angle between the current aircraft track and the FMS desired track is less than 90 °.