basal ganglia and cerebellum Flashcards
cerebellum: explain how the cerebellum contributes to coordination of movement, recognise the relevance of pathways into and out of the cerebellum, recognise how cellular organisation of the cerebellum relates to its functioning
4 sections of cerebellum in curve shape
cell layers, afferent system, internuncial neurones, efferent system
3 cell layers in cerebellum (outer to inner layer)
molecular layer, piriform layer, granular layer
diagram of cerebellum schematic
what does the inferior olive (nucleus in medulla) project to and via what
projects to and synapse with dendritic trees of Purkinje cells via climbing fibres
what are all other inputs to granule cells via
mossy fibres, then onwards via parallel fibres
what are all output from Purkinje cells via
deep nuclei in white matter
3 divisions of cerebellum (based on function) and location
vestibulocerebellum (inferior), spinocerebellum (medial), cerebrocerebellum (lateral)
2 functions of vestibulocerebellum
regulation of gait (balance), posture and equilibrium; coordination of head movements with eye movements (close connections with superior colliculi)
3 functions of spinocerebellum and where its input is from
input from spinal cord via inferior cerebellar peduncle; coordination of speech, adjustment of muscle tone, coordination of limb movements
3 functions of cerebrocerebellum
coordination of skilled movements; cognitive function, attention, processing of language; emotional control
what does damage to vestibulocerebellum (vestibulocerebellar syndrome) cause
syndrome (often tumours) similar to vestibular disease, leading to gait ataxia and tendency to fall (even when patient sitting and eyes open)
what is damage to spinocerebellum associated with
degeneration and atrophy associated with chronic alcoholism
what does damage to spinocerebellum (spinocerebellar syndrome) mainly affect
legs, causes abnormal gait and stance (wide-based to try and maintain balance)
what is damage to cerebrocerebellum (cerebrocerebellar/lateral cerebellar syndrome) affect
mainly arms/skilled coordinated movements (tremor) and speech
where is cerebellum
sits in posterior cranial fossa, with fold of dura over it (tentorium cerebelli); lies on posterior aspect of pons (connected by transverse fibres)
