consciousness

Question 1

3 disorders of consciousness

Answer 1

coma, vegetative state, mimimally conscious state

Question 2

what 2 disorders are not of consciousness

Answer 2

brainstem death, locked in syndrome

Question 3

define coma

Answer 3

state if unrousable unresponsiveness, lasting more than 6 hours, where person can’t be awakened, respond normally to painful stimuli, light and sound, lacks normal sleep-wake cycle, and doesn’t initiate voluntary actions (no arousal or awareness)

Question 4

define vegetative state

Answer 4

state of wakefulness without awareness in which there’s preserved capacity for spontaneous or stimulus-induced arousal, evidenced by sleep-wake cycles and range of reflexive and spontaneous behaviours (arousal with no awareness)

Question 5

what is vegetative state characterised by

Answer 5

complete absence of behavioural evidence for self or environmental awareness

Question 6

define minimally conscious state

Answer 6

state of severely altered consciousness in which minimal but clearly discernible behavioural evidence of self or environmental awareness is demonstrated (arousal but very limited awareness)

Question 7

what is minimally conscious state characterised by

Answer 7

inconsistent but reproducible responses above level of spontaneous or reflexive behaviour, indicating some degree of interaction with surroundings

Question 8

slide 56

Answer 8

slide 56

Question 9

what is damaged in vegetitive state

Answer 9

cortex and hemispheres

Question 10

what is damaged in locked-in syndrome

Answer 10

ventral pons

Question 11

what is damaged in brainstem death

Answer 11

brainstem

Question 12

what is covert awareness in disorders of consciousness based on, and why is it used

Answer 12

tennis imagery and spatial navigation imagery, have distinct specific brain activity locations which can be detected

Question 13

visual neglect in disorders of consciousness vs hemianopia

Answer 13

hemianopia would perceive things still as know to compensate, but in visual neglect in disorders of consciousness perception removed

Question 14

what score on Glasgow coma scale indicates severe brain injury and brain death

Answer 14

3

Question 15

3 assessments on Glasgow coma scale and range

Answer 15

eyes open (4: none -> spontaneous), verbal responses (5: none -> oriented speech), motor responses (6: none -> obeys commands)

Question 16

motor response in Glasgow coma scale

Answer 16

none -> extensor response to pain in arms -> flexor response to pain in arms-> withdrawal to pain localisation to pain -> obeys commands

Question 17

diagram of Glasgow coma scale

Answer 17

Question 18

what is locked in syndrome like

Answer 18

like injected with neuro-muscular junction blocker - conscious but can’t move (same arousal and awareness as normal consciousness)