Allergic Rhinitis and Common Allergens Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
8/27/19
True allergies
An immune response characterized by presence of IgE antibodies, initiated by some innocuous allergen that is capable of initiating an immune response
4 common routes of allergens to enter the body
- Skin contact
- Injection
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
Seasonal allergies are usually caused by things ___, while perennial are usually caused by things ____
Outdoors, indoors
Mast cells vs basophils location, what are 3 big molecules present in both of them?
Mast cells are in skin, mucosa, digestive tract, etc while basophils are mainly in the bloodstream
Histamine, heparin, and cytokines are present in both
Drug allergies are ___. Most reactions are actually ___ and not a true allergy
Rare, negative side effects
Does moving to another climate help avoid allergies?
Typically not
4 sequelae diseases brought on by swollen turbinates and airways from allergies
1) acute otitis
2) acute pharyngitis
3) acute sinusitis
4) asthma
Is there a correlation between consumption of food in utero or in breast milk and development of allergies?
No relationshipo has been evidenced
Skin prick test
Use of a small drop of the possible allergen placed on skin and pricked, if allergic develops redness, swelling, and itching within 20-40 min
IgE blood test (RAST)
More expensive allergen testing sometimes used in children or those with an injury on the surfce of skin, or those on antihistamines, blood sample is sent to lab where allergen is added and amount of antibodies blood produces to attack allergen is measured, takes several days for results, less sensitive to inhalant allergens
Patch testing
Placing a patch on arm or back or 48 hours, avoiding shower or sweat, then removed when returned to Dr’s office, irritated skin at site may indicate allergy, can detect delayed allergic rxns and typically done for contact dermatitis
Key control of using nasal decongestants, what is the fancy term for this?
Cannot use more than 3 days or get rebound congestion, rhinitis medicamentosa
Allergic rhinitis and common causes (5), how often is it a cause for visit
Inflammation of mucosal lining of the nose, typically caused by airborne pollens, medications, systemic disease, acute infection, chronic disease, 2.5% of clinician visits
Allergic rhinitis risk factors (5)
- family history of atopy
- birth during pollen season
- early use of antibiotics
- maternal smoking exposure during first year of life
- exposure to indoor allergens
Early vs late phase allergic rxn
Early: begins within 5 min and lasts 1 hr, mast cells and basophils activated by IgE degranulation causing rhinorrhea, sneezing, lacrimation
Late: starts 6-12 hours after onset and not always present, but if present typically chronic prognosis of allergic rhinitis for whole life
