Exanthems and Drug Eruptions Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Exanthem definition

Answer 1

A skin eruption that comes quickly and affects several areas at a time, a rash essentially

Question 2

Enanthem definition

Answer 2

A mucus membrane eruption that comes quickly and effects several areas at a time

Question 3

Measles symptoms

Answer 3

Severe cough, nasal congestion, photophobia, koplik’s spots 24-48 hrs before exanthem outbreak

Question 4

Koplik’s spots

Answer 4

Red spots with bluish white centers that appear in the mouth as an enanthem before exanthem spreading systemically indicative of measles infection

Question 5

Measles treatment options (3)

Answer 5

-prevention by vaccination -vit A -treat complications

Question 6

Hand foot and mouth disease

Answer 6

Caused by coxsackievirus A16 spread via fecal oral route often in kids resulting in low grade fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy, with 90% developing enanthem oral lesions followed by red macules that become pale, white, oval vesicles on palms, soles, face, and buttocks

Question 7

Hand foot and mouth disease treatment (1)

Answer 7

-symptomatic relief

Question 8

Scarlet fever

Answer 8

Contagious disease produced by strep toxin, see strawberry tongue, N/V/D, and fever greater than 101 derees, really fine rash begins on neck and face and spreads over 48 hrs sparing the palms and soles and has sandpaper quality with pastia’s sign

Question 9

Pastia’s lines

Answer 9

Linear petechiae found on skin folds indicative of scarlet fever rash

Question 10

Scarlet fever treatment option (1)

Answer 10

antibiotics

Question 11

Rubella

Answer 11

Contagious viral infection with nonspecific signs and symptoms but can have conc. to unborn causing fetal anomalies (blueberry muffin lesions), see a rash on neck or face that fades in 24-48 hrs, ask patient if they or anyone they are in contact with is pregnant

Question 12

Congenital Rubella Syndrome triad of clinical effects

Answer 12

-Cardiac malformation -hearing deficits -ocular anomalies

Question 13

Fifth disease

Answer 13

Parovirus B19/erythema infecetiosum, common in children 4-10. primary cause of aplastic crisis in sickle cell children, results in congenital anemia if in utero infection or hydrops fetalis, has 3 stages of facial erythema (slapped cheeks), net pattern erythema (fishnet on extremities) and recurrent phase (eruption fades and reappears next 2-3 weeks)

Question 14

Roseola infantam

Answer 14

Sudden rash onset following very high fever for days before, fades within hours to days

Question 15

Roseola infantan treatment (1)

Answer 15

-tylenol for temp

Question 16

Kawasaki disease

Answer 16

Children disease with febrile phase for greater than 5 days, swelling and redness on hands and feet, and cervicallymphadenopathy, if left untreated can see arteritis

Question 17

Kawasaki disease treatment (2)

Answer 17

-high dose aspirin -IVIg

Question 18

Reye’s syndrome

Answer 18

Rare condition that affects liver and brain and has been shown to be caused by aspirin in children

Question 19

Morbilliform eruption

Answer 19

Meaning resembling a measles rash, regardless of if viral in origin or not

Question 20

Viral rash

Answer 20

Most common exanthemous eruption that cannot be definitevly diagnosed or told apart from drug rxns (except occasionally by urticaria presence) that treatment is symptomatic

Question 21

Drug rashes often starrt ___ after initiation of medication

Answer 21

7-10 days

Question 22

2 mechanisms of cutaneous drug rxns and which is most common

Answer 22

-Immunologic -nonimmunologic (most common)

Question 23

What are these and what condition do they signify

Answer 23

Koplik’s spots, measles

Question 24

What condition is this?

Answer 24

Hand foot and mouth disease

Question 25

What condition is this?

Answer 25

Scarlet fever

Question 26

What condition is this?

Answer 26

Rubella

Question 27

What condition is this?

Answer 27

Congenital rubella syndrome

Question 28

What condition is this?

Answer 28

Fifth’s disease