EKG VI Lecture Powerpoint

Question 1

Ventricular arrhythmias occur from the…

Answer 1

….AV node down

Question 2

Premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

Answer 2

-premature contraction caused by ectopic cardiac pacemaker/stimulus in ventricle, creates an abnormal QRS complex associated with a compensatory pause, common in 75% of people,

Question 3

2 things that can cause a wide QRS

Answer 3

bundle branch block or PVC

Question 4

PVC causes (4)

Answer 4

• enhanced automaticity
• sympathetic stimulation
• drug toxicity
• structural heart disease

Question 5

If PVC’s go away during exercise they are typically…

Answer 5

…benign

Question 6

PVC’s have a ____ compensatory pause

Answer 6

Full

Question 7

ventricular tachycardia

Answer 7

3 or more successive PVC’s, nonsustained is less than 30 sec and sustained is more, rate >100bpm usually regular rhythm, may or may not see P waves

Question 8

Ventricular tachycardia causes (3)

Answer 8

-ischemic heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities, reentry

Question 9

Torsades de pointes

Answer 9

Form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia assoc with prolonged QT interval >500ms, changes in amplitude and morehphology of QRS around isoelectric line, causes of prolonged QT interval can be congenital or acquired

Question 10

Any patient with a syncopal episode needs a…

Answer 10

….cardiac treatment plan

Question 11

Congenital QT syndrome

Answer 11

Channelopathy caused by genetic mutation of cardiac K or Na level, usually autosomal dominant, 1 in 2500 people, cause of 20% of all cardiac deaths

Question 12

Things that can contribute to long QT syndrome

Answer 12

• antiarrhythmics
• antimicrobials
• antidepressants

Question 13

Ventricular fib requires…

Answer 13

…electric shock

Question 14

Brugada syndrome

Answer 14

Congenital channelopathy caused by mutation of cardiac Na+, K+ or Ca2+ , ST segment elevation in one of the right precordial leads (V1-V3) at baseline or after use of Na+ blockers, 3 subtypes

Question 15

Commotio cordis

Answer 15

Ventricular fib caused by blunt, non-penetrating blow to chest during vulnerable portion of ventricular repolarization, more common in children and adolescents, more common with moderate to high velocity strike usually projectile right during a T wave

Question 16

Ventricular flutter

Answer 16

Ventricular tachyarrhythmia 250-350 bpm, rapidly deteriorates into ventricular fib

Question 17

Survival rates after cardiac arrest decrease ____ with every minute defibrillation is delayed

Answer 17

7-10%