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PSY 3400 > 2-Chapter 4 > Flashcards

2-Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

blocking

A

the finding that there is little or no conditioning to a stimulus if it is presented along with a previously conditioned stimulus on conditioning trials.

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2
Q

the finding that there is little or no conditioning to a stimulus if it is presented along with a previously conditioned stimulus on conditioning trials.

A

blocking

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3
Q

frequency principle

A

The more frequently two stimuli are paired, the more strongly will an individual associate the two.

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4
Q

The more frequently two stimuli are paired, the more strongly will an individual associate the two.

A

frequency principle

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5
Q

Kamin (1968)

A

his experiment contradicted the frequency principle

rats control vs block group

Block: 1-L+; 2-LT+; Test-T; Results-T no fear

Control: 1-n/a; 2-LT+; Test-T; Results-T fear

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6
Q

blocking experiment with control vs block rats with light, tone, and shock

A

Kamin (1968)

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7
Q

Rescorla Wagner model

A

two factors of importance:
1) what the subjects expects to happen

2) what actually happens

All about surprise

has six rules

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8
Q

the thing that’s all about surprise

has six rules

A

rescorla wagner

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9
Q

What page in textbook are the six rules on?

A

77-78

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10
Q

rule 1

A

strength of US > strength of expectation, will learn (excitatory conditioning)

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11
Q

strength of US > strength of expectation, will learn (excitatory conditioning)

A

rule 1

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12
Q

rule 2

A

strength of US < strength of expectation, extinction (inhibitory conditioning)

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13
Q

strength of US < strength of expectation, extinction (inhibitory conditioning)

A

rule 2

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14
Q

rule 3

A

strength of US = strength of expectation, no conditioning

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15
Q

strength of US = strength of expectation, no conditioning

A

rule 3

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16
Q

rule 4

A

more conditioning if the difference between US and expectation is greater

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17
Q

more conditioning if the difference between US and expectation is greater

A

rule 4

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18
Q

rule 5

A

more salience of CS, more conditioning

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19
Q

more salience of CS, more conditioning

A

rule 5

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20
Q

rule 6

A

2+ stimuli added together, expectation will = stimuli 1’s reinforcer + stimuli 2’s reinforcer

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21
Q

2+ stimuli added together, expectation will = stimuli 1’s reinforcer + stimuli 2’s reinforcer

A

rule 6

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22
Q

acquisition and what rules apply

A

beginning of conditioning

rule 1 applies

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23
Q

beginning of conditioning

A

acquisition

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24
Q

blocking and what rules apply

A

previous exposure to CS limits learning a new CS

rule 1, 3, 6 apply

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25
Q

previous exposure to CS limits learning a new CS

A

blocking

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26
Q

extinction and what rules apply

A

CS alone, no US

rule 2 applies

27
Q

CS alone, no US

A

extinction

28
Q

conditioned inhibition and what rules apply

A

combination of stimuli with no US

rules 2, 6 apply

29
Q

combination of stimuli with no US

A

conditioned inhibition

30
Q

overshadowing and what rules apply

A

present large stimulus and small stimulus at the same time

rules 1, 3, 5, 6 apply

31
Q

present large stimulus and small stimulus at the same time

A

overshadowing

32
Q

over expectation and what rules apply

A

one stimuli gets 2 food pellets an one stimuli gets 1 food pellet, expect when both stimuli presented get 3

rule 6 applies

33
Q

one stimuli gets 2 food pellets an one stimuli gets 1 food pellet, expect when both stimuli presented get 3

A

over expectation

34
Q

theories of attention

A

classical conditioning focus on how much attention the learner pays to the CS

pay attention to the informative CS and not the uninformative CS

35
Q

CS preexposure effect

A

classical conditioning proceeds more slowly if a CS is repeatedly presented by itself before it is paired with the US

36
Q

classical conditioning proceeds more slowly if a CS is repeatedly presented by itself before it is paired with the US

A

CS preexposure effect

37
Q

comparator theories

A

animal compares the likelihood that the US will occur in the presence of the CS with the likelihood that the US will occur in the absence of the CS

38
Q

animal compares the likelihood that the US will occur in the presence of the CS with the likelihood that the US will occur in the absence of the CS

A

comparator theories

39
Q

first-order conditioning

A

basic pairing of US with CS

supports S-S

40
Q

basic pairing of US with CS

A

first-order conditioning

41
Q

second-order conditioning

A

pairing a new CS along with an already existing CS/US combo

supports S-R

42
Q

pairing a new CS along with an already existing CS/US combo

A

second-order conditioning

43
Q

contextual stimuli

A

the sights, sounds, and smells of the experimental chamber

44
Q

the sights, sounds, and smells of the experimental chamber

A

contextual stimuli

45
Q

sensory preconditioning

A

two CS associations are paired

CS-CS

46
Q

two CS associations are paired

A

sensory preconditioning

CS-CS

47
Q

occasion setting

A

conditioning, a stimulus that does not itself elicit a response, but its presence causes another stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

For example, after presentation of a light, a tone might be followed by the delivery of food. In the absence of the light, the tone is not followed by food. If the tone is effective in eliciting salivation only after the light is presented, the light is designated as an occasion setter.

48
Q

conditioning, a stimulus that does not itself elicit a response, but its presence causes another stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

A

occasion setting

For example, after presentation of a light, a tone might be followed by the delivery of food. In the absence of the light, the tone is not followed by food. If the tone is effective in eliciting salivation only after the light is presented, the light is designated as an occasion setter.

49
Q

taste aversion learning

A

violates the contiguity and frequency principles

eat food, get sick, no eat food

50
Q

eat food, get sick, no eat food

A

taste aversion learning

51
Q

contiguity principle

A

how closely timed the pairing of US and CS are

taste aversion violates this

52
Q

how closely timed the pairing of US and CS are

A

contiguity principle

taste aversion violates this

53
Q

biological preparedness

A

animal has an innate propensity to form such associations quickly and easily

54
Q

animal has an innate propensity to form such associations quickly and easily

A

biological preparedness

55
Q

biological constraints

A

e.g. rats better at tasting sour than seeing blue vs quails better at seeing blue and also has a little tasting sour

56
Q

e.g. rats better at tasting sour than seeing blue vs quails better at seeing blue and also has a little tasting sour

A

biological constraints

57
Q

drug tolerance

A

when a drug is administered repeatedly, larger and larger doses may be needed to produce the same effect

58
Q

when a drug is administered repeatedly, larger and larger doses may be needed to produce the same effect

A

drug tolerance

59
Q

craving

A

desire to use a drug, usually caused by a conditioned compensatory response

60
Q

desire to use a drug, usually caused by a conditioned compensatory response

A

craving

61
Q

conditioned opponent theories

A

conditioned opponent responses involve the physiological effect of the body counteracting the drug

CS -> CR = counteraction

62
Q

conditioned opponent responses involve the physiological effect of the body counteracting the drug

A

conditioned opponent theories

CS -> CR = counteraction

63
Q

Five major physiological findings:

A

1) neural pathway for CR and UR are different
2) simple CR involves many different brain structures
3) different conditioning = different brain locals
4) different CRs involve different brain locals
5) individual neurons linked to acquisition phase of CR

PSY 3400 (15 decks)

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