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PSY 3400 > 4-reading 2 > Flashcards

4-reading 2 Flashcards

1
Q

variability is ignorance

A

???

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2
Q

???

A

variability is ignorance

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3
Q

determinism

A

“hard”
everything has a cause

if you knew everything about the world, you could predict anything and everything

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4
Q

everything has a cause

if you knew everything about the world, you could predict anything and everything

A

determinism

“hard”

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5
Q

“soft” determinism

A

everything has a cause, you can predict some things, but others are unpredictable

Neuringer is this

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6
Q

everything has a cause, you can predict some things, but others are unpredictable

A

“soft” determinism

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7
Q

indeterminism

A

nothing, especially human behavior is predictable

Humans have free will

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8
Q

nothing, especially human behavior is predictable

Humans have free will

A

indeterminism

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9
Q

operant responses

A

controlled by reinforcers and discriminative stimuli

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10
Q

controlled by reinforcers and discriminative stimuli

A

operant responses

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11
Q

operant variability

how to maintain variability through schedules of reinforcement?

A

organism chooses to do different behaviors rather than just one

extinction of repeated responses

threshold or percentile schedule

lag schedule

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12
Q

organism chooses to do different behaviors rather than just one

A

operant variability

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13
Q

randomness

A

highest variability, can’t predict behavior

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14
Q

highest variability, can’t predict behavior

A

randomness

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15
Q

stochastic

A

it’s the same as random

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16
Q

it’s the same as random

A

stochastic

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17
Q

u-value

A

summarize the relative equality of response frequencies, which is one indication of stochastic generation

  1. 0 = high variability
  2. 0 = high repetition
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18
Q

summarize the relative equality of response frequencies, which is one indication of stochastic generation

A

u-value

  1. 0 = frequencies are equal
  2. 0 = one possibility predominates
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19
Q

interresponse time variability

A

Blough
reinforced pigeons only if the time between responses was different than the previous time between responses

typically show fixed/predictable response patterns, however when reinforcing random responses patterns they came to approximate a random model

20
Q

Blough
reinforced pigeons only if the time between responses was different than the previous time between responses

typically show fixed/predictable response patterns, however when reinforcing random responses patterns they came to approximate a random model

A

interresponse time variability

21
Q

response sequence variability

A

schwartz 1982

pigeons need to peck variably on a matrix. Couldn’t do it because of the matrix (same for a computer). Changed it to just be two keys

22
Q

schwartz 1982

pigeons need to peck variably on a matrix. Couldn’t do it because of the matrix (same for a computer). Changed it to just be two keys

A

response sequence variability

23
Q

response topography variability

A

creativity
only reinforced a new response over the course of the porpoises lifetimes

they created new tricks with no previous training

24
Q

creativity
only reinforced a new response over the course of the porpoises lifetimes

they created new tricks with no previous training

A

response topography variability

25
Q

random number generation

A

students respond on keys, has to be random

after getting feedback…

their responses were so variable, it was indistinguishable from the random generationa

26
Q

students respond on keys, has to be random

after getting feedback…

their responses were so variable

A

random number generation

27
Q

precise control by reinforcement

A

Machado(1989) found that, just like these other dimensions, variability was precisely controlled by the reinforcement contingencies and, as is often found in the other cases, reinforcement frequencies exerted relatively little control.

Machado’s (1989) pigeons generated the levels of vari-ability that were required by the contingencies, but theoverall frequencies of reinforcement had almost no influ-ence

28
Q

Machado(1989) found that, just like these other dimensions, variability was precisely controlled by the reinforcement contingencies and, as is often found in the other cases, reinforcement frequencies exerted relatively little control.

Machado’s (1989) pigeons generated the levels of vari-ability that were required by the contingencies, but theoverall frequencies of reinforcement had almost no influ-ence

A

precise control by reinforcement

29
Q

control by discriminative stimuli

A

pigeon learned to change behavior based on what color the key lights were

30
Q

pigeon learned to change behavior based on what color the key lights were

A

control by discriminative stimuli

31
Q

What are the three sources of operant variability?

A

random environmental events

memory for prior responses

endogenous stochastic generation

32
Q

random environmental events

A

mainly humans

flip a coin to decide what to do

33
Q

mainly humans

flip a coin to decide what to do

A

random environmental events

34
Q

memory for prior responses

A

remembering what behavior has been done and not doing them again

35
Q

remembering what behavior has been done and not doing them again

A

memory for prior responses

36
Q

endogenous stochastic generation

A

biological randomness

e. g. some sort of mechanism in pigeon that “flips a coin” and pick their behavior this way
* most accepted method but none are confirmed correct

37
Q

biological randomness

e.g. some sort of mechanism in pigeon that “flips a coin” and pick their behavior this wayq

A

endogenous stochastic generation

*most accepted method but none are confirmed correct

38
Q

What are three functions of variability?

A

operant learning

problem solving

creativity

39
Q

ADHD

A

behave to variably

40
Q

behave to variably

A

ADHD

41
Q

Depression

A

behave too repetitively

42
Q

behave too repetitively

A

depression

43
Q

autism

A

also behaves to repetitively

44
Q

also behaves to repetitively

A

autism

45
Q

What are the two implications of operant variability?

A

voluntary action

everyday behavior

46
Q

voluntary action

A
  1. an individual who manifests voluntary behavior is able to respond in a way that even the most knowledge able observer cannot predict
  2. variability will not alone suffice, need functionality (manifest by attempts to satisfy a need, attain a goal, or be reinforced)

PSY 3400 (15 decks)

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