Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY 3400 > 6 quiz > Flashcards

6 quiz Flashcards

1
Q

reinforcement schedules

A

a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered

A

reinforcement schedules

Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

continuous reinforcement (CRF)

A

every occurrence of the operant response is followed by a reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

every occurrence of the operant response is followed by a reinforcer

A

continuous reinforcement (CRF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cumulative recorder

A

device that records responses

time on x axis and cumulative responses on the y axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

device that records responses

time on x axis and cumulative responses on the y axis

A

cumulative recorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fixed-ratio (FR) schedule

A

reinforcer is delivered after every n responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

reinforcer is delivered after every n responses

A

fixed-ratio (FR) schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

post reinforcement pause

A

after each reinforcer, there is a pause in responding (happens in FR schedules)

average size of this increases as the ratio increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

after each reinforcer, there is a pause in responding (happens in FR schedules)

average size of this increases as the ratio increases

A

postreinforcement pause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ratio strain

A

the general weakening of responding that is found when large ratios are used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the general weakening of responding that is found when large ratios are used

A

ratio strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

variable-ratio (VR) schedule

A

on average, a subject will receive one reinforcer for every n responses, but the exact number of responses required at any moment may vary widely

e.g. gambling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

on average, a subject will receive one reinforcer for every n responses, but the exact number of responses required at any moment may vary widely

A

variable-ratio (VR) schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the major difference between FR performance and VR performance?

A

VR performance postreinforcement pauses are typically quite brief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fixed-interval (FI) schedule

A

the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced

scallop like graph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced

A

fixed-interval (FI) schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the postreinforcement pause like for FI schedules?

A

there is a pause, but after it, the responses are quite slow compared to FR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

variable-interval (VI) schedules

A

the amount of time that must pass before a reinforcer is stored varies unpredictably from reinforcer to reinforcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the amount of time that must pass before a reinforcer is stored varies unpredictably from reinforcer to reinforcer

A

variable-interval (VI) schedules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

resistance to extinction

A

the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced

A

resistance to extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

partial reinforcement effect

A

extinction is more rapid after CRF than after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

extinction is more rapid after CRF than after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement

A

partial reinforcement effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

humphreys’s paradox

A

the dilemma about partial reinforcement effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the dilemma about partial reinforcement effect

A

humphreys’s paradox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

discrimination hypothesis

A

the rate of decrease in responding depends on how quickly the subject can discriminate the change from reinforcement to extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the rate of decrease in responding depends on how quickly the subject can discriminate the change from reinforcement to extinction

A

discrimination hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

generalization decrement hypothesis

A

responding during extinction will be rapid fi the stimuli present during extinction are different from those that occurred during reinforcement, but slow if the stimuli are similar to those that occurred during reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

responding during extinction will be rapid fi the stimuli present during extinction are different from those that occurred during reinforcement, but slow if the stimuli are similar to those that occurred during reinforcement

A

generalization decrement hypothesis

31
Q

differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) schedule

A

a response is reinforced if a certain amount of time has elapsed since the previous response

32
Q

a response is reinforced if a certain amount of time has elapsed since the previous response

A

differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) schedule

33
Q

differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH) schedule

A

certain number of responses must occur within a fixed amount of time to get a reinforcer

34
Q

certain number of responses must occur within a fixed amount of time to get a reinforcer

A

differential reinforcement of high rate (DRH) schedule

35
Q

concurrent schedule

A

the subject is presented with two or more response alternatives each associated with it sown reinforcement schedule

36
Q

chained schedules

A

the subject must complete the requirement for two or more simple schedules in a fixed sequence, and each schedule is signaled by a different stimulus

37
Q

the subject must complete the requirement for two or more simple schedules in a fixed sequence, and each schedule is signaled by a different stimulus

A

chained schedules

38
Q

the important features of reinforcers

A

1) quality
2) rate of presentation
3) delay

39
Q

behavioral momentum

A

behavior’s resistance to change, depends on the association between the discriminative stimulus and the reinforcer

40
Q

behavior’s resistance to change, depends on the association between the discriminative stimulus and the reinforcer

A

behavioral momentum

41
Q

What can behavioral momentum help to explain?

A

relapse returning to an environment where the behavior occurred in the past

42
Q

contingency-shaped behaviors

A

behavior is gradually shaped into its final form as it gained more and more experience with a particular reinforcement schedule

43
Q

behavior is gradually shaped into its final form as it gained more and more experience with a particular reinforcement schedule

A

contingency-shaped behaviors

44
Q

rule-governed behavior

A

verbal instructions or rules to follow, and these rules may or may not have anything to do with the prevailing reinforcement contingencies

45
Q

reinforcement history

A

prior experience with one reinforcement schedule can alter how subjects, both animal and human, later perform on another schedule

46
Q

prior experience with one reinforcement schedule can alter how subjects, both animal and human, later perform on another schedule

A

reinforcement history

47
Q

potential causes of the postreinforcement pause

A

1) fatigue (no)
2) satiation (no)
3) remaining-responses hypothesis (yes)

48
Q

remaining-responses hypothesis

A

FR schedule, the subject is farthest from the delivery of the next reinforcer immediately after the occurrence of the previous reinforcer

49
Q

FR schedule, the subject is farthest from the delivery of the next reinforcer immediately after the occurrence of the previous reinforcer

A

remaining-responses hypothesis

50
Q

multiple schedule

A

the subject is presented with two or more different schedules, one at a time, and each schedule is signaled by a different discriminative stimulus

means fatigue can’t work

51
Q

the subject is presented with two or more different schedules, one at a time, and each schedule is signaled by a different discriminative stimulus

A

multiple schedule

means fatigue can’t work

52
Q

molecular theory

A

focuses on small scale events

less than one minute

53
Q

focuses on small scale events

A

molecular theory

54
Q

molar theory

A

large scale measures of behavior and reinforcement

over at least several minutes

55
Q

large scale measures of behavior and reinforcement

A

molar theory

56
Q

interresponse time (IRT) reinforcement theory

A

time between two consecutive responses

57
Q

time between two consecutive responses

A

interresponse time (IRT) reinforcement theory

58
Q

response-reinforcer correlation theory

A

responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules, because faster responding leads to more reinforcers on VR schedules but not on VI schedules

59
Q

responding is faster on VR schedules than on VI schedules, because faster responding leads to more reinforcers on VR schedules but not on VI schedules

A

response-reinforcer correlation theory

60
Q

what is the best way to decide between the molar and molecular theories?

A

to use a schedule in which the molar contingencies favor rapid responding and the molecular contingencies favor slow responding (or vice versa)

not possible with VR or VI

61
Q

Operant conditioning helps…

A

autism

token reinforcement

62
Q

prompt

A

physical guidance

63
Q

physical guidance

A

prompt

64
Q

fading

A

prompt withdrawn gradually

65
Q

prompt withdrawn gradually

A

fading

66
Q

token

A

an object or symbol that is exchanged for goods or services

act as conditioned reinforcers

67
Q

an object or symbol that is exchanged for goods or services

act as conditioned reinforcers

A

token

68
Q

what are the three reasons token systems have declined?

A

require a long time to produce lasting change

difficult to implement

increasing emphasis on pharmacological treatments

69
Q

organizational behavior management

A

using the principles of behavioral psychology to improve human performance in the workplace

70
Q

using the principles of behavioral psychology to improve human performance in the workplace

A

organizational behavior management

71
Q

What are the two main types of recommendations for changes that behavior analysts use for work force?

A

antecedent-based interventions and consequence-based interventions

72
Q

contingency contract

A

written agreement that lists the behaviors required of each party and the reinforcers that will result if the duties are performed

73
Q

written agreement that lists the behaviors required of each party and the reinforcers that will result if the duties are performed

A

contingency contract

74
Q

what are the two helpful thingies in marital problems?

A

behavior exchange: contract

communication and problem-solving skills

PSY 3400 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions