Chapter 2_Grammar Flashcards
What is a case?
- The form of a noun, pronoun, or a modifier
2. Reveals its job, or how it functions in a sentence
How many cases are there in Latin?
7
What are the cases in Latin?
- Nominative
- Genitive
- Dative
- Accusative
- Ablative
- Vocative
- Locative
What is a declension
It is a group of nouns that share a common set of inflected endings (which are called case endings)
What gender are most 1st declension nouns?
feminine
What few words are 1st declension but masculine? And what is the acronym?
- P.A.I.N.
poēta, Agricola, incola, nauta, scrība
What gender are most 2nd declension nouns?
masculine and neuter
What couple words are 2nd declension but feminine?
Words like humus (ground) and names of trees
What is the nominative case? And what are its two most common functions?
- The naming case
2. Subject, predicate nominative
What is a predicate nominative?
- A noun or adjective that renames the subject (meaning, it tells you something about the identity of the subject)
What kind of verbs will a predicate nominative be used with?
linking verbs (est, sunt; is, was, are)
What are three of the most common functions of the accusative case (and brief description)
- Direct object (“He threw THE BALL.”)
- Predicate accusative: asserts something about the direct object (“He made him KING”)
- Place to which: shows motion towards an object (“He went TO THE CITY.”)
(Remember that accusatives can also be objects of the preposition)
What does apposition or appositives mean?
- It is a further way of describing a person or object
- It is a word or phrase that modifies a noun
(Mrs. Smith, my teacher, is nice.)
How will appositives appear in Latin?
- The appositive will appear in the same case, number, gender as the noun it modifies
- It will usually come right after the noun it modifies
(they can appear in any case; they don’t have commas separating them)
Note: Review the following Latin Paradigms
- Ch 2, 3_1st, 2nd, and 3rd Declension Case Endings
