Chapter 6_Grammar

Question 1

What are the three degrees of adjectives?

Answer 1

1. Positive (the GOOD man)
2. Comparative (the BETTER man)
3. Superlative (the BEST man)

Question 2

What endings do first and second declension adjectives use?

Answer 2

first and second declension noun endings

note: there are no fourth or fifth declension adjectives

Question 3

What endings do third declension adjectives use?

Answer 3

similar to third declension i-stem noun endings

note: there are no fourth or fifth declension adjectives

Question 4

What declensional pattern does Latin comparative adjectives follow?

Answer 4

3-3

masc.-fem. / Neut

Question 5

How does Latin form comparative adjectives for masc./fem. words?

Answer 5

By taking the adj and adding -ior + plus third declension ending
(For example almus + ior = almior (kinder)

Question 6

How does Latin form comparative adjectives for neut. words?

Answer 6

By taking the adj and adding -ius + plus third declension ending
(For example almus + ius = almius (kinder)

Question 7

For example what are the comparatives for laetus, laeta, laetum (happy)? (in the nom singular)

Answer 7

laetior, laetius (happier)`

Question 8

What are the two ways that Latin shows comparison?

Answer 8

1. Comparison with Quam (comparative + Quam)

2. Ablative of Comparison (comparative + Ablative noun)

Question 9

What endings does Latin use to show a superlative idea?

Answer 9

-issimus, -issima, -issimum

Question 10

What declensional pattern does Latin superlatives use?

Answer 10

2-1-2

masc. / fem. / neut

Question 11

What if an adjective has a stem that ends in -r (such as pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum)? What will the endings be for superlative adjectives?

Answer 11

Then the endings will be -rimus, -rima, -rimum
(instead of -issimus, -issima, -issimum)
Ex. pulcherrimus, pulcherrima, pulcherrimum

Question 12

A few adjectives whose stems end in -l (such as similis, simile) have different endings for superlative adjectives: what are those endings?

Answer 12

-limus, -lima, -limum

Ex. simillimus, simillima, simillimum

Question 13

What are the few adjectives that end in an -l that take the alternative superlative endings?

Answer 13

similis, dissimilis, facilis, difficilis, gracilis, ūtilis

Question 14

What is it called when an adjective stands on its own and acts as a noun type idea? And what type of adjectives can stand on their own?

Answer 14

1. Substantive adjective

2. positive or superlative

Question 15

If a substantive adjective is masculine, feminine, or neuter what could it be referring to?

Answer 15

1. Masculine: man or group of people
2. Feminine: woman
3. Neuter: things

Question 16

Note Review the following Latin paradigm

Answer 16

Ch 6_Comparative and Superlative Adjectives