Ch 21_Grammar

Question 1

How is the future passive participle formed?

Answer 1

Present stem + -nd- + -us, -a, -um

Question 2

What is the future passive participle paradigm for the word agere in the singular?

Answer 2

agendus       agenda      agendum
agendī          agendae    agendī
agendō         agendae    agendō
agendum      agendam   agendum
agendō         agendā      agendō
agende         agenda      agendum

Question 3

What is the future passive participle paradigm for the word agere in the plural?

Answer 3

agendī agendae agenda
agendōrum agendārum agendōrum
agendīs agendīs agendīs
agendōs agendās agenda
agendīs agendīs agendīs
agendī agendae agenda

Question 4

What does the future passive participle describe?

Answer 4

1. An action or state of being that is translated passively
2. with a sense of obligation (what should be done)
3. or with a sense of propriety (what is proper)

Question 5

What are some ways to translate the future passive participle?

Answer 5

1. “having to be —ed” (“having to be loved”)
2. “needing to be –ed” (“needing to be loved”)
3. “to be –ed” (“to be loved”)

Question 6

Note: it is easy to get confused with the forms of the participle; memorize the following derivatives from the model verb “agere” to help remember them?

Answer 6

1. agent (present active participle) a person “doing something”
2. actuary (future active participle) a person who computes things “about to happen”
3. act (perfect passive participle) something already “done”
4. agenda (future passive participle) “things to be done”

Question 7

What is the future passive participle also called?

Answer 7

gerundive

Question 8

Latin can use the gerundive with a noun to show what?

Answer 8

1. express the act of doing something

Question 9

What is the passive periphrastic?

Answer 9

1. combines future passive participle (gerundive)
2. with a form of esse
3. to show obligation or necessity

Question 10

How should the passive periphrastic be translated?

Answer 10

1. active voice
2. action occurs at same time as action of main verb
3. use a form of the helping verb “have”
   (cibus edendus est “the food has to be eaten,” cibus edendus erat “the food had to be eaten,” cibus edendus erit “the food will have to be eaten”)

Question 11

What is a dative of agent

Answer 11

1. a dative noun

2. shows who is doing the action of the passive verb

Question 12

How do you translate a dative of agent

Answer 12

1. with the helping word “by”

Example: the letter was written “by” the general.