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Pharmacology III > Anticonvulsants (Exam #1) > Flashcards

Anticonvulsants (Exam #1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general MOA for all anticonvulsants (3)?

A
  • Increase GABA
  • Decrease glutamate
  • BOTH
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2
Q

What are the two targets of glutamate DECREASING anticonvulsant meds?

A
  • Inhibit Na channels

- Inhibit Ca channels

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3
Q

What type of channel is targeted in the treatment of absence seizures?

A

Ca

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4
Q

What anticonvulsant drug is known as THE inducer of CYP450s? What other two drugs also induce?

A

Phenobarbital

  • Phenytoin
  • Carbamazepine
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5
Q

What anticonvulsant drug is known as THE inhibitor of CYP450s?

A

Valproate (Valproic Acid)

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin, and what are these used to treat?

A

MOA: Decrease glutamate
- Blocks Na channels

Used for seizures (partial and generalized tonic-clonic)

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7
Q

What are the two elimination patterns seen with Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin?

A
  • FIRST order with LOW doses

- ZERO order with HIGHER doses

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8
Q

What is the primary AE of Phenytoin?

A

Gingival hyperplasia

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9
Q

What is an important AE associated with ALL anticonvulsants that decrease glutamate via blocking Na channels? What allele should be tested for?

Which drug is worst?

A

SJS
- Test for HLA-B 1502 allele

Carbamazepine WORST

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10
Q

What is the MOA of Carbamazepine, and what type of seizure is this DOC for? What is an alternative use of this med?

A

MOA: Decrease glutamate
- Blocks Na channels

DOC for partial seizures
- Also, trigeminal neuralgia

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11
Q

What is the MOA of Lamotrigine, and what is it used to treat?

A

MOA: Decrease glutamate
- Blocks Na channels

Used for seizures (partial)

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12
Q

What is the MOA of Topiramate, and what is it used to treat? What is an alternative use of this med?

A

MOA: Decrease glutamate
- Blocks Na channels

Used for seizures (partial and generalized tonic-clonic)
- Also, migraine prevention

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13
Q

What is the primary AE of Topiramate?

A

Acute myopia/glaucoma

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14
Q

What is the MOA of Levetiracetam, and what is it used to treat?

A

MOA: Increase GABA AND decrease glutamate
- Binds SV2A

Used for seizures (partial)

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15
Q

What is the MOA of Phenobarbital, and what is it used to treat?

A

MOA: Increase GABA
- Opens Cl channels

Used for seizures (partial and generalized tonic-clonic)

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Gabapentin and Pregabalin?

A

GABA analog

17
Q

What is Gabapentin used to treat? What is an alternative use?

A

Used as ADJUNCT for seizures (partial and generalized tonic-clonic)
- Also, neuropathic pain

18
Q

What is the MOA of Tiagabine?

A

Inhibit GABA reuptake via GAT-1

19
Q

What is the MOA of Vigabatrin?

A

Inhibit GABA metabolism by irreversibly inhibiting GABA-T

20
Q

What are the two primary AEs of Vigabatrin?

A
  • Visual field problems

- Retinal damage

21
Q

What is the DOC for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuximide

22
Q

What is the MOA of Ethosuximide, and what is it used to treat?

A

MOA: Decrease glutamate
- Inhibit Ca channels

DOC for absence seizures

23
Q

What anticonvulsant drug has the least incidence of SJS?

A

Ethosuximide

24
Q

What is the primary AE associated with Ethosuximide?

A

Hiccup

25
Q

What is the MOA of Valproate (Valproic Acid), and what is it used to treat?

A

MOA: blocks Ca AND Na channels

Used to treat MIXED seizures (absence AND general tonic-clonic)

26
Q

What medication is used to treat MIXED seizures, and how does this relate to its MOA?

A

Valproate (Valproic Acid)

- Blocks Ca AND Na channels

27
Q

What is the primary AE associated with Valproate (Valproic Acid)?

A

Hepatotoxicity

- MONITOR LFTs

28
Q

What two drugs are the DOC for status epilepticus? What drug class are these apart of?

A

Benzos

  • Diazepam
  • Lorazepam

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

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