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Pharmacology III > GI Drugs (Exam #2) > Flashcards

GI Drugs (Exam #2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two antacids, and what is the major AE of each?

A
  • Magnesium hydroxide = diarrhea

- Aluminum hydroxide = constipation

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2
Q

What are the two primary H2 Histamine Antagonist drugs? What is the name hint?

A

“-tidine”

  • Cimetidine (Tagamet)
  • Ranitidine (Zantac)
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3
Q

What are the two primary PPIs? What is the name hint?

A

“-prazole”

  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
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4
Q

What is the MOA of Misoprostol, and what is its primary use?

A

PGE1 analogue

- Used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers

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5
Q

What is the one CI associated with Misoprostol, and why?

A

PREGNANCY

- Can induce uterine contractions/abortion bc PG analogue

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6
Q

What is an important note with antacids and drug interactions?

A

Antacids DECREASE absorption of other drugs

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7
Q

What two GI drugs are NOT recommended in those with renal dysfunction, and why?

A

Magnesium and Aluminum (mostly long-term use)

- Excreted by kidneys so if poor renal function → toxicity

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8
Q

What is an important AE of Cimetidine? What is an alternative use of this medication?

A

Anti-androgen effect

- Can be used to treat masculinization in females

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9
Q

How does Cimetidine differ from other H2 Antagonists (think AEs)?

A 
Drug interactions (inhibits CYP3A4)
- Avoid with Warfarin, Phenytoin, Theophylline
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10
Q

What is the DOC for GERD? What is the MOA of these drugs?

A

PPIs

- IRREVERSIBLY inhibit proton pump

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11
Q

Chronic use of PPIs can lead to what three AEs?

A

Decreased absorption of…

  • Ca = osteoporosis
  • Mg = hypomagnesemia/muscle spasms
  • B12 = Vitamin B12 deficiency
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12
Q

Which PPI is associated with drug interactions, and what are four examples of this?

A

Omeprazole = inhibits CYP2C19

  • Phenytoin
  • Diazepam
  • Warfarin
  • Clopidogrel
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13
Q

What four abx can be used to treat H. pylori-induced ulcers?

A
  • Metronidazole (Flagyl)
  • Amoxicillin
  • Tetracycline
  • Clarithromycin
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14
Q

What group of drugs are used to stimulate GI activity, and what are three examples?

A

Prokinetic Agents

  • Metoclopramide (Reglan)
  • Bethanechol
  • Erythromycin
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15
Q

What is the MOA of Metoclopramide (Reglan), and what AE is associated with this?

A

D2 receptor antagonist

- EPS (Parkinson-like sxs) - especially old/hospitalized

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16
Q

What is the MOA of Bethanechol?

A

Muscarinic agonist

17
Q

What group of drugs are used to inhibit GI activity, and what are two examples? What condition are they used to treat?

A

Antispasmodics for IBS

  • Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
  • Amitriptyline
18
Q

What GI condition can Amitriptyline be used to treat? What symptom can it also relieve, and how?

A

IBS (antispasmodic)

- Reduce chronic pain via increased NE → stimulate alpha2 receptors

19
Q

What group of drugs is primarily used to treat nausea/vomiting? What two types of N/V specifically (and which type are they NOT good for)?

What is the name hint of these drugs?

A

5HT3 Receptor Antagonists = “-setron”

  • Good for N/V due to chemo or vagal stimulation
  • NOT good for N/V due to motion sickness
20
Q

Which two drugs are used to treat N/V by blocking D2 DA receptors, muscarinic receptors and H1 histamine receptors?

A
  • Prochlorperazine (Compazine)

- Promethazine (Phenergan)

21
Q

What is the main AE associated with Prochlorperazine (Compazine) and Promethazine (Phenergan), and why?

A

Sedation

- Due to blockade of muscarinic receptors and H1 histamine receptors

22
Q

What drug is a form of THC used to treat chemo-induced N/V?

A

Dronabinol

23
Q

What drug must ALWAYS be combined with a 5HT3 Antagonist and corticosteroid? What is the primary use of this drug?

A

Aprepitant

- Used for severe chemo-induced N/V

24
Q

Under what three circumstances are laxatives NOT recommended for use?

A
  • Intestinal blockage
  • Perforation
  • Toxic megacolon
25
Q

What is the MOA of Aprepitant?

A

NK1 Antagonist (all “-pitant” drugs)

26
Q

What group of drugs is Lactulose, and what is an important alternative use?

A 
Osmotic Laxative (tx constipation)
- Decreases ammonium buildup in cirrhosis patients
27
Q

What drug is often used as preparation for colonoscopies? What is an alternative use?

A

Polyethylene Glycol

- Can be used as OTC treatment for occasional constipation (Miralax)

28
Q

What is the recommended time of use for osmotic laxatives, and why? What is the exception?

A

ONLY acute constipation (not chronic because leads to electrolyte imbalances)
- Lactulose can decrease ammonium buildup in cirrhosis

29
Q

What medication treats constipation by acting on the mucosa?

A

Senna (Senokot)

30
Q

What two meds can be used to tx constipation CHRONICALLY?

A
  • Lubiprostone

- Linactolide

31
Q

What is the MOA of Lubiprostone, and what is its primary use?

A

PGE1 derivative

- Used to tx CHRONIC constipation

32
Q

What is the MOA of Linactolide, and what is its primary use?

A

cGMP stimulates CFTR → increase Cl secretion

- Used to tx CHRONIC constipation

33
Q

What is the MOA of Naloxegol (Movantik), and what is its primary use?

A

Opioid Antagonist

- Used to tx opioid-induced constipation

34
Q

What type of drug is Loperamide (Imodium), and what are two important PK for this drug?

A

Antidiarrheal

  • NO CNS effect = low abuse potential
  • OTC
35
Q

What drug is Diphenoxylate often combined with, and why?

A

Diphenoxylate has CNS effects = HIGH abuse potential

- Add Atropine to decrease this (also decreases spasms)

36
Q

What drug is an Anti-Inflammatory used to treat IBD?

A

Sulfasalazine

37
Q

What are two CIs associated with Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)?

A
  • Allergy to ASA

- Children (Reye’s Syndrome)

38
Q

What drug can be used to treat flatulence?

A

Simethicone (Gas X)

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

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