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Pharmacology III > PA GI (Exam #3) > Flashcards

PA GI (Exam #3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are two examples of Antacids?

A
  • Calcium Carbonate (TUMS)

- Magnesium Hydroxide/Aluminum Hydroxide (Maalox)

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2
Q

What is the name hint for H2 Blockers? What is an example?

A

“-tidine”

- Famotidine (Pepcid)

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3
Q

What is the name hint for PPIs? What are a few examples (4)?

A

“-prazole”

  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
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4
Q

What is the name hint for Anti-Emetics? What is an example?

What are two other Anti-Emetics (don’t follow rule)?

A

“-setron”
- Ondansetron (Zofran)

  • Promethazine (Phenergan)
  • Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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5
Q

What are five examples of Laxatives?

A
  • Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia)
  • Polyethylene Glycol (Miralax)
  • Senna (Senokot)
  • Docusate
  • Lactulose
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6
Q

What are five examples of Anti-Diarrheals?

A
  • Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
  • Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)
  • Loperamide (Imodium)
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7
Q

Calcium Carbonate (TUMS) is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Hypercalcemia

- Antacids

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8
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide is associated with what group of drugs?

What are the two main AEs associated with this drug?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypermagnesemia

Antacids

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9
Q

What is the main caution associated with Magnesium Hydroxide, and what AE might make this worse?

A

Caution if renal impairment

- Hypermagnesemia

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10
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Constipation

- Antacids

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11
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate is associated with what group of drugs?

What is the main AE associated with this drug?

A

Sodium/fluid retention

- Antacids

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12
Q

What are the four main cautions associated with Sodium Bicarbonate?

A

Caution if…

  • Edema
  • Cirrhosis
  • HF
  • Renal impairment
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13
Q

What two AEs are associated with the “-setron” Anti-Emetics?

A
  • Cardiac arrhythmias

- QT prolongation

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14
Q

What are you at increased risk for with use of “-setron” Anti-Emetics?

A

Serotonin Syndrome (SS)

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15
Q

What are the two AEs of Promethazine (Phenergan) and Prochlorperazine (Compazine))?

A
  • Sedation

- Drug-induced Parkinsonism

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16
Q

What three classes of medications can be considered for tx of GERD, and in what order (preferably)?

A
  1. Antacids
  2. H2 Blockers
  3. PPIs
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17
Q

Why are H2 Blockers used in GERD tx (2)?

A
  • On-demand relief

- Nocturnal acid formation

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18
Q

What is the most common type of Esophagitis, and what is the recommended tx?

A

Reflux Esophagitis

- Tx with PPIs

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19
Q

Besides Reflux Esophagitis, what are the other three etiologies? What is the recommended tx for each?

A
  • Infectious (Candida) = Diflucan
  • Eosinophilic = Fluticasone inhaler
  • Pill-induced = idk tbh
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20
Q

What is the most common cause of Pill-induced Esophagitis?

A

Bisphosphonates

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21
Q

What is the recommended tx for Reflux Esophagitis? How should they be taken (2)?

A

PPIs

  • Take in AM
  • Take 30 minutes before breakfast
22
Q

What are four AEs associated with CHRONIC PPI use?

A
  • Nutrient malabsorption (Ca, Mg, B12, Fe)
  • Osteoporosis
  • C. diff infection
  • Kidney disease
23
Q

What two dx tests can be used to confirm PUD due to H. pylori? What dx test is used to confirm PUD due to NSAID use?

A

H. pylori

  • Stool antigen test
  • Urea breath test

NSAID = EGD

24
Q

What are the two different tx options for PUD due to H. pylori? Which is preferred?

A
  • Clarithromycin Triple Therapy (PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin)
  • Bismuth Quadruple Therapy (PPI + Bismuth + Metronidazole + Tetracycline) = preferred
25
Q

What is the Clarithromycin Triple Therapy, and what condition can it be used to tx?

A

PUD due to H. pylori

  • PPI
  • Clarithromycin
  • Amoxicillin
26
Q

What is the Bismuth Quadruple Therapy, and what condition can it be used to tx?

A

PUD due to H. pylori

  • PPI
  • Bismuth
  • Metro
  • Tetracycline
27
Q

After tx of PUD due to H. pylori, what must always be done and why (3)?

A

Eradication test

- Avoid increasing risk of PUD, gastric CA, IDA

28
Q

What is the #1 tx for PUD due to NSAID use? If this cannot be done, what is the alternative tx option?

A

D/C NSAIDs

- If NSAIDs cannot be stopped, begin maintenance PPI therapy

29
Q

What medication can be used to prevent PUD due to NSAID use? When is this med CI, and WHY?

A

Misoprostol

- CI if pregnant bc abortifacient (induces uterine contractions)

30
Q

What is the LONG-term tx recommended for Diabetic Gastroparesis?

A

Improved glucose control

31
Q

What medication can be used for SHORT-term tx of Gastroparesis, and what class of drugs does this come from?

A

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

- Prokinetic

32
Q

What are the two AEs of Metoclopramide (Reglan)? What are the three CIs?

A

AEs are EPS and TD

CIs are…

  • Cbstruction
  • Perforation
  • GI hemorrhage
33
Q

What medication can be used for tx of IBS, and what class of drugs does this come from?

A

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

- Antispasmodic

34
Q

What are the AEs of Dicyclomine (Bentyl)? What is the one caution?

A

Anticholinergic (sedation, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention)

Caution if elderly

35
Q

Besides Dicyclomine (Bentyl) for the tx of IBS, what other two meds might be considered and under what conditions?

A
  • Amitriptyline if psychosocial component

- Eluxadoline if IBS-D

36
Q

What is an example of a Stool Softener?

A

Docusate (Colace)

37
Q

What is an important part of taking Bulk-Forming Laxatives?

A

Need fiber AND fluids

38
Q

What are two AEs of Bulk-Forming Laxatives?

A
  • Flatulence

- Bloating

39
Q

What is a major AE of Osmotic Laxatives?

A

Hypermagnesemia if renal insufficiency

40
Q

What are five CIs for ALL laxatives?

A
  • Acute abdomen
  • Obstruction
  • Perforation
  • Toxic Megacolon
  • Unexplained abd. pain
41
Q

What is the use of Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)?

A

Opioid-induced constipation

42
Q

What is the primary use for Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?

What is the primary AE?

A

Used for diarrhea

- AE is black tongue, mouth and stool

43
Q

What are two CIs of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)?

A
  • ASA allergy

- Reyes Syndrome

44
Q

What is the primary tx for Diverticulitis (2)?

A

Flagyl + Cipro

45
Q

What is the recommended dx test for Diverticulitis? What post-tx follow-up test if recommended, and WHY?

A

CT with contrast to dx

- Follow-up Colonoscopy 6-8 weeks after sxs resolve to exclude concomitant colon CA or IBD

46
Q

What medication is used for the LONG-term tx of IBD?

A

Mesalamine (Lialda)

47
Q

What medications are used for the SHORT-term tx of IBD?

A

Corticosteroids = flares

48
Q

What is the recommended tx for Perianal CD (2)?

A

Flagyl + Cipro

49
Q

What is the major AE associated with Flagyl?

A

Disulfiram-type reaction with alcohol

50
Q

What is the major AE associated with Cipro?

A

Tendon rupture

Pharmacology III (25 decks)

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