Drugs of Abuse (Exam #1) Flashcards
Pharmacokinetic vs. Pharmacodynamic tolerance?
Tolerance vs. Sensitization?
Tolerance = dose/response shifted RIGHT
- PK: increased metabolism
- PD: down regulation of receptors
Sensitization = dose/response shifted LEFT
What are two major properties of abused drugs?
- Euphoria
- Rapid onset/short DOA
What is the “reward pathway”?
Mesolimbic DA pathway
- VTA → NAc → prefrontal cortex
What is the MOA of Amphetamines and Methamphetamines, and what does this mean?
Reverse flow of DA through DAT
- Increase DA release and inhibit reuptake
What are two major AEs associated with Methamphetamines?
- Dental problems
- ‘Meth bugs’
What is the MOA of Cocaine?
Inhibit DA reuptake by blocking DAT
What two drugs are associated with severe cravings and physical/psychological dependence?
- Methamphetamine
- Cocaine
Cocaine overdose is associated with what symptoms (2)?
- CV stimulation = arrhythmias (VTach, VFib)
- Stroke
What drug can be used to treat Cocaine use, and how does it do this?
Bromocriptine
- Reduces cravings
What is the MOA of Nicotine, and what effect does it have?
Increase 5-HT and DA release
- Causes mild euphoria
What is an important PK of Nicotine?
Induces CYP450s
What are two possible treatments for Nicotine addiction?
- Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
- Bupropion (Zyban)
What is the MOA of MDMA (“ecstasy”)? What three secondary sxs can be potentially fatal?
Increase 5-HT activity (block reuptake, stimulate 5-HT receptors)
- Hyperthermia
- Dehydration
- Kidney failure
What is the MOA of Marijuana?
Stimulate pre-synaptic CB1 receptors → inhibit ACh release
Which drug of abuse has NO physical dependence but possible psychological dependence?
Marijuana
