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Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Autoimmune Diseases > Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sarcoidosis?

A

Multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disorder characterised by the presence of non-caesating granulomas

Common in Afro-Caribbeans and Scandinavians

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2
Q

How does Sarcoidosis typically present?

A

Fever, Malaise, Weight Loss

SOB, Dry Cough

Arthralgia

Uveitis, Keratoconjunctivitis

Erythema Nodosum

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3
Q

How would you investigate potential Sarcoidosis?

A

Bloods - Hypercalcaemia, High ACE, High ESR

CXR - Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Pulmonary Fibrosis

Biopsy - Non-Caeseating Granulomas

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4
Q

How do you manage Sarcoidosis?

A

Steroids

NSAIDs

Steroid-sparing agents

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5
Q

How does SLE typically present?

A

Serositis

Oral Ulcers

Arthritis

Photosensitivity

Bloods

Renal

ANA

Neurological

Malar Rash

Discoid Rash

SOAP BRAIN MD

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6
Q

How would you investigate a potential case of Lupus?

A

Bloods - High ESR, U&E, FBC

Autoantibodies - Anti-dsNA, ANA, Anti-cardiolipin

Urine - casts, proteinuria, haematuria

CXR

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7
Q

What is Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome?

A

Complication of SLE

Triad: Thromboembolism, Recurrent Miscarriage, Thrombocytopaenia

Anti-Cardiolipin

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8
Q

What is Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)?

A

Rare connective tissue disease characterised by widespread blood vessel damage and fibrosis in skin and internal organs.

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9
Q

How does Diffuse Cutaneous Scleroderma typically present?

A

Skin Changes (Including the trunk)

Raynaud’s

Tendon Friction

Early Lung Disease

Heart, GI, Renal DIsease

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10
Q

Which antibody is associated with Diffuse Curtaneous Scleroderma?

A

Anti-Topoisomerase II

(Anti-Scl-70)

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11
Q

How does Limited Scleroderma typically present?

A

CREST Syndrome

Calcinosis

Raynaud’s

Esophageal Dysmotility

Sclerodactyl

Telangiectasia

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12
Q

Which antibody is associated with Limited Cutaneous Scleroderma?

A

Anti-Centromere

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13
Q

What is Vasculitis?

A

Inflammation of the walls of blood vessels.

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14
Q

What are the main types of Vasculitis?

A

Large-Vessel

Giant Cell Arteritis

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Medium-Vessel

Polyarteritis Nodosa

Small-Vessel

Behcet’s

Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Wegener’s)

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangitis (Churg-Strauss)

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15
Q

Which condition is strongly associated with Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica (Shoulder/Pelvic Girdle Frame)

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16
Q

What are the main symptoms of Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

Unilateral Headache

Jaw Claudication

Scalp Tenderness

Vision Loss

Systemic Upset

17
Q

How do you investigate and manage a suspected case of Giant Cell Arteritis?

A

ESR (Raised)

High Dose Oral Prednisolone

Temporal Artery Biopsy (Skip Lesions)

18
Q

What is Polymyalgia Rheumatica?

A

An Inflammatory condition characterised by severe bilateral pain and morning stiffness of the Shoulder, Neck and Pelvic Girdle.

Weakness is not a factor.

19
Q

How would you investigate and manage a case of Polymyalgia Rheumatica?

A

Raised ESR/CRP

Oral Steroids

20
Q

What is Polyarteritis Nodosa?

A

Medium-Vessel Vasculitis

21
Q

How does Polyarteritis Nodosa typically present?

A

Background of Hepatitis B

Constitutional Upset

Skin Rash

Abdo Pain

Rectal bleeding

Peripheral Neuropathy

Renal Failure

Hypertension

‘Rosary Sign’ on angiogram

22
Q

How does Granulomatosis with Polyangitis typically present?

A

Triad of:

URT Symptoms (Nose bleeds, rhinitis)

LRT Symptoms (Haemoptysis)

Kidney Disease (Glomerulonephritis)

‘Saddle Nose’

23
Q

How would you investgate a suspected case of Granulomatosis with Polyangitis?

A

cANCA

Cavitating Lesions on CXR

24
Q

How does Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with polyangitis typically present?

A

Tri-Phasic

Allergic Phase - Asthma/Rhinitis

Eosinophilic Phase - Tissue damage (Typically lungs & GI)

Vasculitic Phase - Widespread Organ Death

Other - Haemoptysis, Rash, Focal Neuropathy, Kidney Damage

25
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangitis?

A

pANCA

26
Q

How does Behcet’s Typically present?

A

Triad of:

Oral Ulcers

Genital Ulcers

Uveitis

Other - Erythema Nodosum, Arthritis, Pericarditis, Colitis

27
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Behcet’s?

A

Clinical Mainly

‘Pathergy Test’ - Sterile pustule develops post-needle prick

28
Q

How does Takasayu’s Arteritis typically present?

A

Inflammatory Phase - FLAWS

Pulseless Phase - Eak/absent pulses, claudication

29
Q

Which HLA serotype is Behcet’s associated with?

A

HLA-B51

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

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