Infectious Diseases 2

Question 1

What is Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 1

Infection of endocardial structures, mainly the heart valves.

Question 2

Which organisms most commonly cause Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 2

Streptococci (Abnormal Valves)

Staph. (Prosthetic Valves, IVDU)

Enterococci

Question 3

How does Infective Endocarditis typically present?

Answer 3

FROM JANE

Fever

Roth Spots

Osler Nodes

Murmur

Janeway Lesions

Anaemia

Nail-Bed Haemorrhage

Emboli

Question 4

How would you investigate a suspected case of Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 4

Bloods - Normocytic Anaemia, High Neutrophils

ESR/CRP

RF Positive

3 Blood cultures, 1h apart, within 24 hours

Broad spectrum Abx whilst investigating

Urgent echo

Question 5

What are the main complications of Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 5

CCF

Valve Incompetence

Aneurysm Formation

Systemic Emboli

Renal Failure

Glomerulonephritis

Question 6

How should you manage a case of Infective Endocarditis?

Answer 6

ABx for 4-6 Wks

Question 7

What are the most common causes of Gastroenteritis?

Answer 7

Viral - Rotavirus

Bacterial - Campylobacter, E.Coli, Salmonella

Question 8

How does Gastroenteritis present?

Answer 8

Sudden-onset nausea and vomiting

Anorexia

Diarrhoea

Abdominal Pain

Fever and Malaise

Question 9

What causes Malaria?

Answer 9

Plasmodium Falciparum

P.vivax/ovale

P.malaria

Question 10

How does Malaria present?

Answer 10

Recent Travel Hx to endemic area

Headache, weakness, myalgia, anorexia

Fever - Cold/Rigors followed by severe sweating

Splenomegaly

Question 11

How do you investigate malaria?

Answer 11

Giemsa-Stained Thick and Thin blood smears

3 separate?