Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Biliary and Liver > Flashcards

Biliary and Liver Flashcards

1
Q

How should you classify jaundice?

A

Pre-Hepatic

Hepatic

Post-Hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which signs are associated with Cirrhosis?

A

Jaundice

Spider Naevi

Ascites

Asterixis

Bruising

Clubbing

Palmar Erythema

Gynaecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key features of Hepatitis A?

A

Oro-Anal Sex

Faeco-Oral Spread

Acute, typically asymptomatic

Common in Asia & Africa

Improperly claned Shellfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the key features of Hepatitis B?

A

Requires Serology

Most adults clear it, never causes Acute Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the key features of Hepatitis C?

A

Spread through blood products.

Adults who contract it become Chronic Carriers.

Associated with the development of Hepatocellular Carcinomas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the key features of Hepatitis D?

A

Requires co-infection with Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the key features of Hepatitis E?

A

Faeco-Oral transmission

Acute, self-limiting

Immunocompromised patients at risk of chronic infection.

High morbidity in pregnant women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of Viral Hepatitis?

A

Nausea and Vomiting

Fever

Jaundice

RUQ Pain

(Raised AST/ALT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a patient’s HbsAg status indicate?

A

-ve = Immune: Cleared infection/past vaccine

+ve = Acute/Chronic Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What could be the cause of ALT/AST readings in the 1000s?

A

Paracetamol Overdose

Acute Viral Hepatitis

Ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does it indicate when the AST:ALT ratio is 2:1?

A

Alcoholic Hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis typically present?

A

Typically an old, fat man

Elevated fasting triglycerides, with low HDL

High ALT/AST

Asymptomatic

Detected on incidental Liver USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main types of Alcoholic Liver Disease?

A

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Wilson’s Disease?

A

Impaired excretion of Cu from the liver via Bile.

Copper then accumulates in the Liver, Basal Ganglia and Cornea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does Wilson’s Disease typically present?

A

In SBAs - Individual with acute liver & neurological Sx

Keyser Fleischer Rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would you investigate suspected Wilson’s Disease?

A

Low serum Caeruloplasmin

High Urinary Copper

Low Serum Copper

17
Q

What is Haemochromatosis?

A

Multisystem disorder of dysregulates increased dietary iron absorption and increased iron release from macrophages.

Autosomal Recessive

18
Q

How does Haemochromatosis typically present?

A

Fatigue, Arthralgia

Bronze Skin

Diabetes

Hepatomegaly

MCP Arthritis

19
Q

Describe the Haematinics seen in a case of Haemochromatosis.

A

Low Transferrin

High Ferritin

Low TIBC

20
Q

What are the main risk factors for Gallbladder Disease?

A

Fat

Female

40

FHx

21
Q

What is Biliary Colic?

A

Stone impacted in ‘Hartman’s Pouch’. The Gall Bladder spasms against this obstruction, leading to colicky RUQ pain.

22
Q

What is Acute Cholecystitis?

A

Gall Bladder Inflammation.

RUQ Pain + Fever + WBCs

Murphy’s Positive

23
Q

What is Cholangitis?

A

Inflammation of the Biliary Tree.

Charcot’s Triad = RUQ Pain + Fever + Jaundice

24
Q

How would you investigate suspected Gallbladder Disease?

A

LFTs

ABDO USS

Consider MRCP

25
Q

What do LFTs show in Cholethiasis?

A

LFTs within normal ranges.

26
Q

How would you manage a case of Cholelithiasis?

A

Cholecystectomy

27
Q

How would you manage a case of Choledocholithiasis?

A

ERCP

28
Q

What is Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Formerly Cirrhosis)?

A

Chronic Inflammatory Liver Disease involving progressive destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

This leads to cholestasis and cirrhosis.

29
Q

What is Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis?

A

A chronic cholestatic liver disease characterised by progressive inflammatory fibrosis and obliteration of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts.

30
Q

How does a typical PBC patient present?

A

‘Itchy Females, with fatigue, dry eyes and a dry mouth’

31
Q

How does a typical PSC present?

A

People with Ulcerative Colitis in their 40s-50s.

Fatigue

RUQ Discomfort

Pruritus

Jaundice

32
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of PBC?

A

Anti-Mitochondrial M2 Antibodies

33
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of PSC?

A

MRCP - ‘Beads on a String’ Appearance

34
Q

What does PBC tend to be associated with?

A

Hypercholesterolaemia

Tendon Xanthomata

Xanthelasma Periocular

35
Q

How does Pancreatic Cancer present?

A

Painless Jaundice

FLAWS

36
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Pancreatic Cancer?

A

LFTs

Protocol CT Scan

37
Q

Describe the Aetiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

A

Chronic Liver Damage (ETOH, Hep B/C, Autoimmune)

Metabolic Disease

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

38
Q

How would you investigate a possible case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Urgent direct access USS

LFTs

Clotting Profile

Alpha-Feroprotein

39
Q

What is a Cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Primary Adenocarcinoma of the Biliary Tree

CA 19-9

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions