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Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

How is a Squamous Cell Carcinoma typically described?

A

Hyperkeratotic

Scaly/Crusty

Ulcerated

Non-Healing

Rolled Edges

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2
Q

What are the main risk factors for Skin Cancer?

A

UV Light

Actinic Keratosis

FHx

Lighter Skin

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3
Q

How is a typical Basal Cell Carcinoma described?

A

Nodule with:

Pearly Edges

Rolled Edges

Central (Rodent) Ulcer

Central, fine telangiectasia

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4
Q

What are the main subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Nodular

Superficial (Flat)

Morpheic (Yellow-Waxy Plaque, Scar Like)

Pigmented (Dense colour)

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5
Q

How is a typical Malignant Melanoma described?

A

Asymmetrical

Irregular Border

Pigmented

>6mm Diameter

Evolution in its size and shape

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6
Q

What are the main subtypes of Malignant Melanoma?

A

Superficial Spreading

Nodular (Domed, Rapid growth)

Lentigo Maligna (Flat Lesions, commonly on the face)

Acral Lentiginous (Palms, Soles, Nail Beds)

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7
Q

How would you investigate a suspected skin cancer?

A

Dermatoscope

Skin Biopsy (Depth for Melanoma Invasion)

CT/MRI/PET for staging

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8
Q

What are Melanocytic Lesions?

A

Benign neoplasms of melanocytes in the epidermis.

Symmetrical, Flat, Regular Borders.

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9
Q

What does the presence of headaches, worse when coughing and lying down, indicate in a suspected cancer patient?

A

Presence of brain metastases.

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10
Q

How is Eczema identified?

A

Hx of Atopy/Immunocompromised

Dry, itchy skin

Erythematous

Flexure Distribution

Lichenification in Chronic Eczema

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11
Q

What are the main subtypes of Eczema?

A

Atopic Dermatitis (IgE)

Contact Dermatitis (Type IV Delayed Hypersensitivity)

Discoid Dermatitis (Coin, shaped plaques)

Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

Dyshidrotic

Eczema Herpeticum

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12
Q

What is Seborrhoeic Dermatitis?

A

Yellow, greasy, scaly rash

Distributio: Eyebrows, Nasolabial, Scalp

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13
Q

What is Dyshidrotic Eczema?

A

Itchy, Painful Blisters

Distribution: Hands and Feet

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14
Q

What is Eczema Herpeticum?

A

Medical Emergency due to possible Dissemination

Superimposed HSV-1

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15
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

Auto-Immune condition characterised by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes.

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16
Q

How is Psoriasis typically described?

A

Purple, silvery plaques

Dry, flaky skin

Itchy, Painful

Mainly on Extensors/Scalp

17
Q

What are the nail signs associated with Psoriasis?

A

Onycholysis

Pitting

Subungual Hyperkeratosis

18
Q

What are the main subtypes of Psoriasis?

A

Plaque

Pustular (Hands & Feet)

Guttate (‘Raindrop Plaques’ 2-Wks post-strep)

Flexural

Erythrodermic (Systemic Redness and Inflammation)

19
Q

How should you investigate a suspected Dermatitis?

A

Skin-Patch Testing (For Contact Dermatitis. Eg. Nickel & Latex)

Skin Biopsy

20
Q

What are Cellulitis and Erysipelas?

A

Bacterial Infections of the skin.

Both are:

Acute in their onset

Painful, Hot, Swollen and Red

21
Q

How does Cellulitis typically present?

A

Painful, hot, red, swollen rash

Involving the Dermis and Subcutaneous Tissue

Patchy

22
Q

How does Erysipelas typically present?

A

Painful, Hot, Red, Swollen Rash.

Involves the epidermis

Well Dermarcated

Fevers, Rigors

23
Q

Which organisms most commonly cause Cellulitis?

A

Strep. pyogenes

Staph. aureus

24
Q

What are the main complications associated with Cellulitis?

A

Abscesses

Sepsis

Necrotising Fasciitis

Periorbital Cellulitis

Orbital Cellulitis

25
Q

How would you investigate Cellulitis/Erysipelas?

A

Basic Obs

Bloods - FBC, CRP, Cultures

Pus/Wound Swab MCS

CT/MRI for orbital cellulitis

26
Q

How would you manage a case of Cellulitis/Eryipelas?

A

Draw around the Lesion

Oral ABx, IV if severe

Typically Flucloxacillin

27
Q

What is Erythema Nodosum?

A

Inflammation of subcutaneous fat, as a result of a Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction

28
Q

What can cause Erythema Nodosum?

A

Infections - Strep. pyogenes, TB, HIV

Systemic Diseases - IBD, Sarcoidosis, Behcet’s

Drugs - Sulphonamides

Pregnancy

29
Q

How is Erythema Nodosum typically described?

A

Bilateral red, tender nodules.

Anterior shins & knees

Don’t ulcerate or scar

30
Q

What is Erythema Multiforme?

A

Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes due to a Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction.

‘Target Lesions’

31
Q

What can cause Erythema Multiforme?

A

Infections - HSV, Mycoplasma, HIV

Drugs - Sulphonamides

32
Q

How is Erythema Multiforme typically described?

A

Target Lesions - Central Vesicle with a ring of pallor and a ring of erythema.

Tender, itchy, painful

Spread from the hands

33
Q

What is Molluscum Contagiosum?

A

Skin Infection due to pox virus (Molluscum contagiosum)

34
Q

How are Molluscum Contagiosum rashes typically described?

A

Smooth, umbilicated papules.

Painless & itchy

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

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