Infectious Diseases 1

Question 1

How does an HSV-1 infection present?

Answer 1

Gingivostomatitis

Cold Sores

Eczema Herpeticum

Meningitis, Encephalitis

Herpetic Whitlow

Keratoconjunctivitis

Question 2

How does HSV 2 present?

Answer 2

Genital Herpes

Flu-Like prodrome

Question 3

How should you manage Herpes?

Answer 3

Topical, Oral or IV Acyclovir

Question 4

How can Varicella Zoster infection present?

Answer 4

Chickenpox - Malaise, Pyrexia, Pruritic vesicular rash

Shingles - Dermatomal Tingling, followed by painful skin lesions.

Question 5

How should you manage Chickenpox?

Answer 5

Children - Calamine Lotion, Analgesia, Antihistamines

Adults - Acyclovir

Question 6

How should you manage Shingles?

Answer 6

1) Valaciclovir, Famciclovir
2) Aciclovir

Question 7

How does an EBV infection present?

Answer 7

Infectious Mononucleosis

Fever

Hepatosplenomegaly

Pharyngitis

Lymphadenopathy

Question 8

How might you investigate a suspected case of Infectious Mononucleosis?

Answer 8

FBC/Blood Film - Atypical lymphocytosis

Heterophile Antibodies - Monospot Test

EBV specific Antibodies

Question 9

How should you manage mono?

Answer 9

Supportive - NSAIDs/Analgesia

Corticosteroids in severe cases

Don’t use Amoxicillin

Question 10

What are the phases of HIV infection?

Answer 10

Seroconversion - Flu-like

Early/Asymptomatic - Seem well

AIDS

Question 11

What causes many of the presenting symptoms of AIDS?

Answer 11

Complications due to low levels of CD4+ T Cells

Infections by other organisms

Question 12

What is Hairy Leukoplasia?

Answer 12

EBV Mediated infection seen in HIV-+ve patients, causing a white, irregular, painless plaque on the tongue.

Question 13

What is Candidiasis?

Answer 13

Fungal Infection caused by Candida albicans

Thrush

Common in the Immunocompromised

Question 14

What are the main forms of Candidiasis that can arrive?

Answer 14

Oral (Immunocompromised)

Vulvovaginitis (Diabetes, ABx)

Diaper Rash

Infective Endocarditis (IV Drug Users)

Disseminated

Question 15

How should you manage Candidiasis?

Answer 15

Oral - Miconazole and Nystatin

Systemic - Amphotericin B

Question 16

Which tumours are associated with HIV?

Answer 16

Kaposi’s Sarcoma - Pink/Purple patch on the skin or mouth. AIDS defining condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lymphoma

Question 17

How should you investigate a suspected case of HIV?

Answer 17

ELISA - Western Blot

HIV Rapid Test

CD4 Count for staging

Serum Viral Load

Question 18

How is HIV investigated in infants?

Answer 18

Serum HIV DNA PCR

Question 19

What are the most common causes of Tonsilitis?

Answer 19

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

Adenovirus

Bacterial - Group A strep, M. pneumoniae, N. gonorrhoea

Question 20

What is the most common cause of the Common Cold?

Answer 20

Rhinoviruses

Question 21

What is an Abscess?

Answer 21

Collection of pus built up in a tissue, organ or confined space walled off by fibrosis.

Usually caused by a bacterial infection.

Question 22

How do patients with Abscesses typically present?

Answer 22

Systemically UNwell

Swinging Fever

Pain

Red, hot, erythemic

Question 23

How should you manage an Abscess?

Answer 23

Aspiration

Incision and Drainage

Abx if severe