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NURS 804: Pharmacology > Unit 3: K49.Antivirals > Flashcards

Unit 3: K49.Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Most used antiherpes drug

A

Acyclovir

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2
Q

Acyclovir has a ____half life

A

Short —> must be dosed frequently

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3
Q

How is valacyclovir related to acyclovir?

A

Adjusted medication to extend half life; can be taken less frequently

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4
Q

Brand name for docosanol; what is it used to treat?

A

Abreva; cold sores

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5
Q

What is CMV?

A

Cytomegalovirus; it is a mono-like illness

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6
Q

What can be used to treat CMV?

A

Ganciclovir

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7
Q

5 Anti-HIV Classes

A
  1. NRTIs = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  2. NNRTIs = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
  3. Protease inhibitors
  4. Entry and Fusion Inhibitors
  5. Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTs)
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8
Q

Viruses have RNA or DNA?

A

RNA

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9
Q

MOA:

NRTIs = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

NNRTIs = nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

Block reverse transcription of viral RNA into DNA

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10
Q

MOA: Protease inhibitors

A

Block viron assembly and virus from leaving cell (stop virus from finishing maturation process)

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11
Q

MOA: Entry and Fusion Inhibitors

A

Block entry of virus into cell or fusion with cell

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12
Q

MOA: Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTs)

A

Block integration of viral DNA with host DNA nucleus; block hijacking of nucleus

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13
Q

HAART stands for…

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

*** must use multiple medications for HIV

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14
Q

Why can’t we get rid of HIV?

A

Virus is very successful at hiding out in some of our cells

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15
Q

What is genotype testing for a virus?

A

Basically a Culture and Sensitivity for a virus

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16
Q

Adverse effects: NRTIs

Symptoms?

A

Can cause lactic acidosis
Sx: muscle aches or changes in liver enzymes
Check: liver functions, lactic acid levels

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17
Q

NNRTI Sustiva (efavirenz) can cause what?

A

Bizarre dreams

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18
Q

Adverse effects: NNRTIs

A

Rash

Raise cholesterol

19
Q

NNRTI Nevirapine can cause what?

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

20
Q

Adverse effects: protease inhibitors

A

Strange fat distribution: Buffalo hump, gynecomastia, truncal obesity

Facial and peripheral lipodystrophy (fat wasting/gaunt looking)

21
Q

Adverse effects of Maraviroc (entry and fusion inhibitor)

A

Cough, diarrhea, muscle and joint pain, increases in hepatic transaminases

22
Q

Two once daily pill recommendations for new HIV treatment

A

Biktarvy (Bictegravir/TenofovirAF/Emtrictabine)

Triumeq (Abacavir/Lamivudine/Dolutegra)

23
Q

Two categories of people at highest risk for HIV

A

MSM (men who have sex with men)

PWID (people who inject drugs)

24
Q

What is PrEP?

A

Medication regimen for those who are at high risk of contracting HIV

25
Q

Two meds on the PrEP regimen

A

Truvada

Descovy

26
Q

What is required for patients on PrEP?

A

See every three months
Screen for HIV (stop PrEP, start HAART of positive)
Check BMP (kidney function)

27
Q

Chronic hepatitis B typically comes from …

A

Asia, transmitted from mother to child

28
Q

Acute hepatitis B typically comes from…

A

Sexual transmission

OR blood/body fluids

29
Q

Why is hepatitis B uncommon in the US?

A

We vaccinate against it

30
Q

Two classes of anti-influenza agents

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

Adamantanes

31
Q

Why are adamantanes no longer used for flu?

A

High level of resistance

Only effective against flu A

32
Q

Why does Tamiflu (oseltamivir) work best if initiated within 24-48h of flu onset?

A

It interferes with viral replication

33
Q

What is the benefit of Tamiflu? What is the cost?

A

Can decrease duration of flu by half a day or so.

Out of pocket cost ~ $100

34
Q

What is Synagis (palivizumab) used for? How is it dosed?

A

Young children to help prevent/fight RSV

Once monthly IM injections (15mg/kg) for 5 months during RSV season

35
Q

Palivizumab is a -mab, so to what class does it belong?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

36
Q

What is Aldara (imiquimod cream) used for?

A

Treatment of genital and perinatal warts, as well as plantars warts

37
Q

List NRTIs [8]

A 
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Tenofovir
Zalcitabine (ddC)
Zidovudine
38
Q

List NNRTIs [5]

A 
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Nevirapine
Rilpivirine
39
Q

List Protease Inhibitors [9]

A 
Atazanavir
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Indinavir
Lopinavir/ritonavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir
Tipranavir
40
Q

List Entry and Fusion Inhibitors [2]

A

Maraviroc

Enfuvirtide

41
Q

List Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTs) [3]

A

Raltegravir
Dolutegravir
Elvitegravir

42
Q

3 neuraminidase inhibitors

A

oral oseltamivir
inhaled zanamivir
IV peramivir

43
Q

2 adamantanes

A

amantadine

rimantadine

NURS 804: Pharmacology (42 decks)

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