Unit 3: K52.Antiprotozoal

Question 1

Antimalarial treatments kill blood _________

Answer 1

schiztozides

Question 2

All antimalarials kill what stage of the life cycle?

Answer 2

asexual erythrocytic stage

Question 3

Tissue schizonticides kill what form of parasites?

Answer 3

liver forms

Question 4

Blood schizonticides act on what form of parasites?

Answer 4

erythrocytic forms

Question 5

3 Malaria Drug Classes

Answer 5

tissue schizonticides
blood schizonticides
gametocides

Question 6

What drugs can prevent erythrocytic infections?

Answer 6

none

Question 7

What is the premise behind chemoprophylactic antimalarials?

Answer 7

kill erythrocytic parasites before they increase in number sufficiently enough to cause clinical disease

Question 8

5 drugs used to prevent malaria infection in travelers

Answer 8

chloroquine
malarone
mefloquine
doxycycline
primaquine

Question 9

What is important to remember about antimalarial selection?

Answer 9

certain drugs work in certain areas; some areas of the world have different resistance than others

Question 10

Where is doxycycline recommended as an antimalarial?

Answer 10

border areas of Thailand

Question 11

What must be checked before dosing primaquine?

Answer 11

check for G6PD deficiency

Question 12

drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of malaira

Answer 12

chloroquine

Question 13

common adverse effect of chloroquine

Answer 13

pruritis

Question 14

From what is quinine derived?

Answer 14

bark of chinchona tree

Question 15

What is cinchona used to treat?

Answer 15

fevers

Question 16

What is quinine use to treat?

Answer 16

malaria treatment and prevention

babesiosis when combined with clindamycin

Question 17

define chinchonism

Answer 17

tinnitus
headache
nausea
dizziness
flushing
visual disturbances

Question 18

Mefloquine can be used to treat ____

Answer 18

prevention and treatment of malaria

Question 19

When should mefloquine NOT be used?

Answer 19

when the patient has a psychiatric issue as there is a BLACK BOX WARNING regarding potential neurologic ad psychiatric issues

Question 20

For what is primaquine used?

Answer 20

liver forms of P vivax and P ovale malaria and chemoprophylaxis against all malarial species

Question 21

only available agent against dormant hypnozite stages of P vivax and P ovale

Answer 21

PRIMAQUINE

Question 22

When a person has acute malaria and needs PRIMAQUINE, what approach is used?

Answer 22

give CHLOROQUINE until

G6PD status is known

Question 23

How is ATOVAQUONE better absorbed?

Answer 23

with fatty foods

Question 24

Advantage of ATOVAQUONE

Answer 24

can be stopped 1 week after malarial exposure (as opposed to 4 with other drugs)

Question 25

For what is ATOVAQUONE used?

Answer 25

treatment and prevention of malaria

Question 26

Standard luminal amebacides

Answer 26

diloxanide furoate
iodoquinol
paromomycin

Question 27

Standard treatment for amebic colitis and dysentery

Answer 27

Metronidazole

plus a luminal amebicide

Question 28

Standard treatment for Extraintestinal Infections

Answer 28

Metronidazole

plus a luminal amebicide

Question 29

Metronidazole is the treatment of choice for what 3 types of amebic infections?

Answer 29

Amebiasis
Giardiasis
Trichomoniasis

Question 30

Pentamadine is used for? (3 illnesses)

Answer 30

Pneumocystsis
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
Leishmaniasis

Question 31

PENTAMADINE is highly toxic in __% of patients receiving 4mg/kg/d, so what do we do?

Answer 31

Rapid IV admin can lead to:
   severe hypotension
   tachycardia
   dizziness
   dyspnea

• -> drug should be administered slowly (over 2 hours)
• -> patients should be recumbent and monitored closely during treatment