Unit 3: K50.Misc Antimicrobials Flashcards
What kind of drug is metronidazole?
Antiprotozoal
What is metronidazole good for?
Anaerobes
Selectively absorbed by anaerobic bacteria and sensitive Protozoa —> gut infections, vaginitis, C. Diff, brain abscess
Adverse effects of metronidazole
Can be tough to take
Metallic taste —> chew gum?
N/D
stomatitis
peripheral neuropathy
Theoretical disulfiram-like effect —> don’t drink alcohol
What polymyxins do we use and why?
Polymyxin B in triple antibiotic Polymyxin E (colistin) —> not used due to significant toxicity; however, may be effective with Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enerobacteriacea
What is MacroBID (nitrofurantoin) used for?
Bactericidal for many GRAM+ and GRAM- bacteria; helpful for uncomplicated/simple UTI;
Cannot use for kidney infections because it does not concentrate in the kidneys
What is hiprex (methenamine hippurate) used for?
Used in combination with ascorbic acid to lower pH of urine, releasing formaldehyde and making urine bactericidal, to help with UTI
What is hibiclens (chlorhexidine) used for?
Pre-op surgical scrub
Outpatient decolonization of MRSA
What is fidaxomicin good for?
GRAM+ AEOROBES and ANAEROBES
bacteria in the gut
Why does FIDAXOMICIN work for C. Diff?
not absorbed when taken PO
can act on whatever is in the feces
Downside of FIDAXOMICIN
crazy expensive: $200/pill
What is RIFAXIMIN (XIFAXAN) used for?
traveler’s diarrhea
Why can rifaximin be used for traveler’s diarrhea?
minimal absorption when taken PO –> fecal levels high
active against GRAM+ and GRAM- ANAEROBES and AEROBES
To what is rifaxamin related?
rifampin
Fidaxomicin is NARROW or BROAD SPECTRUM?
NARROW
What is Mupurocin (pseudomonic acid) used for?
topical ointment used for small skin infections?
