Unit 7: CNS Drugs.Anesthetics

Question 1

Define anesthetic

Answer 1

drug that reduces/eliminates pain

depresses nerve function in CNS

Question 2

indications for anesthetic use

Answer 2

unconsciousness
amnesia
analgesia
skeletal muscle relaxation
autonomic reflex inhibition

Question 3

adverse effect of nitrous oxide and halothane

Answer 3

increased cerebral blood flow –> increased ICP

Question 4

Name the stages of general anesthetics

Answer 4

stage I
stage II
stage III
stage IV

Question 5

stage I means …

Answer 5

analgesia

goal: to not remember

Question 6

stage II means …

Answer 6

excitement:
delirium
talking
amnesia
rapid respiration

Question 7

stage III means …

Answer 7

surgical anesthesia:
respiratory slowing…cessation of respiration
ok to start cutting

Question 8

stage IV means …

Answer 8

medullary depression:
vasomotor depression
complete cessation of respiration

Question 9

indication for propofol

Answer 9

induction of anesthesia

Question 10

effects of propofol on the CNS

Answer 10

hypnotic

decreased ICP

Question 11

effects of propofol on the CV system

Answer 11

decreased preload and afterload

Question 12

effects of propofol on the respiratory system

Answer 12

depression

Question 13

effects of propofol on the GI tract

Answer 13

anti-emetic

Question 14

name some IV anesthetics

Answer 14

ketamine

etomidate

Question 15

who uses ketamine the most?

Answer 15

veterinarians use it to sedate horses
used primarily in children
people use it to get high (controlled substance)

Question 16

adverse effects of ketamine or etomidate

Answer 16

N/V
myocardial depression
malignant hyperthermia

Question 17

treatment for malignant hyperthermia

Answer 17

dantrolene

Question 18

types of local anesthetics

Answer 18

topical
infiltration
nerve block
spinal or intraspinal: intrathecal, epidural

Question 19

define epidural

Answer 19

injection into epidural space

Question 20

define intrathecal

Answer 20

injection into subarachnoid space

Question 21

mechanism of action for local anesthetics

Answer 21

renders specific portion of body insensitive to pain; uses membrane potential and blockage of gated sodium channels

Question 22

how are local anesthetics metabolized

Answer 22

P450 enzymes

Question 23

name some topical local anesthetics

Answer 23

lidocaine
bupivicane
-caine

Question 24

Lidocaine is sometimes combined with epinephrine; when should we be cautious

Answer 24

do not use with
--PVD
--fingers
--nose
due to vasoconstriction

Question 25

what is the most commonly used anesthetic?

Answer 25

lidocaine

Question 26

adverse effects of all anesthetics

Answer 26

intrathecal or epidural: spinal headache due to increased ICP

Question 27

name the 2 types of -caines; why do these 2 types matter?

Answer 27

amides
esthers

These involve the way the drug is made

Question 28

what to be aware of with -caines?

Answer 28

allergic reaction is possible