9-2 Staph/Strep/Enterococci Flashcards
(39 cards)
[T or F]
Micrococci are NOT associated with disease
TRUE
Defects in _______ and _________ can predispose an individual to [Staph Aureus] Infection.
Name the 6 Dz that can cause Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Defects in [Leukocyte Chemotaxis] and [Ab Opsonization] can predispose an individual to Staph Aureus.
Name the 4 Dz that can cause Leukocyte Chemotaxis
“A [DJ from DR] can ruin ur [Leukocyte Chemotaxis]”
- Down Syndrome
- Job’s Syndrome
- DM
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
Name the 6 usual sites of infection for [Staph Aureus]
Staph Aureus typically infects areas in which it is Normal Flora
1) Skin
2) Anterior Nares
3) Throat
4) GI
5) Vagina
6) Urethra
Carbuncle
B: Two places they’re mostly found
an Abscess larger than a boil with 1 or more opening draining pus onto the skin
B:
- Back
- Nape of the Neck
3 Toxin-Mediated Infections associated with [Staph Aureus]
- Scalded Skin Syndrome (neonates and children under 4)
- Toxic-Shock syndrome
- Food Poisoning
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)
[Staph Aureus] enzyme that alters leukocyte permeability to allow cations to pass—> Leukocyte Destruction
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR :
a-hemolysin (3)
- Lyses RBC of several animals
- Dermonecrotic on SubQ injection
- Leukocyte toxicity
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR :
B-hemolysin (2)
ºSphingomyelinase –> varying hemolysis of RBC due to differences in membrane sphingomyelin content
ºProduces HOT-COLD lysis in which hemolysis is ENHANCED at COLD temperatures after 35ºC incubation
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR :
DELTA-hemolysin (3)
- Produced by 97% [Staph Aureus]
- acts as surfactant to disrupt cell membrane and form channels that increase over time—> leakage
- Some [coag-NEG Staph] can use this to cause NEC in neonates
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR :
Hyaluronidase
Hydrolyzes intercellular matrix of acid mucopolysaccharides in tissue –> allows [S.Aureus] to spread to adjacent tissue
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR :
Phospholipase C
A: 2 types of pt its found in
B: Function
STAPH AUREUS VIRULENCE FACTOR
A: Found in pt with ARDS & DIC
B: Causes tissues to become more susceptible to damage by [bioactive complement components]
A: List the 3 Superantigen Toxins of [S.Aureus]
B: Name the 2 Biologic Characteristics they all display
A: [PYROGENIC TOXIN SUPERANTIGENS]
1) Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin -1 (TSST1)
2) Strep Pyrogenic Exotoxins (SPE)
3) [Strep superantigens]
B: •All of these induce Polyclonal T-cell proliferation
•Enhance lethal effects of small amounts of endotoxin
A: Which bacteria is the 2nd most common cause of uncomplicated cystitis in [women in college/child-bearing age]?
B: What’s the FIRST most common cause?
C: The bacteria in (A) is RESISTANT TO ______ but susceptible to ______
A: 2nd most common cause= Staph Saprophyticus
B: E.Coli is 1st
C: [Staph Saprophyticus] is [RESISTANT TO NOVOBIOCIN] but [susceptible to Furozolidone]
A: What is special about [Staph Lugdunensis]?
B: Where does this bacteria typically colonize?
A: Only species that is both [PYR AND Ornithine Positive]!
B: Human Inguinal Area
A: What is [SCCmec]
B: What does the mecA gene do?
A: The [SCCmec] is a [Staph Aureus] mobile chromosome that encodes for mecA
B: mecA is a gene that alters [Penicillin Binding Protein] —> [PBP2a] which allows [Staph Aureus] to become [Methicillin/B-lactam Abx RESISTANT]
3 Substances that can GENERATE ERRORS during a [PCR MRSA nasal test] for pts?
- Whole Blood
- Mucus
- Nasal Spray
Which bacteria is associated with [Skin and Soft Tissue Infection]
MRSA
Streptococci prefers [______ atmosphere] and require ______ media to grow
Streptococci prefers [Anaerobic/CO2 atmosphere] and require COMPLEX media to grow
A: Why does [Strep Pyogenes] reoccur?
B: How is it transmitted?
A: [Strep pyogenes] reoccurs due to the lack of an Antibody to the M-protein
B: [Strep Pyogenes] is transmitted by Respiratory Droplets
A: What bacteria is Scarlet Fever associated with?
B: What toxin causes this?
C: Explain the symptom manifestation
D: When does it appear exactly?
E: What key characteristic sign should it display?
F: When does it resolve?
A: Scarlet Fever is associated with [Strep Pyogenes - Group A]
B: Caused by Erythrogenic exotoxin
C:
1st starts as Rash w/tiny red bumps on chest, abdomen and behind ears BUT SPARES THE FACE
D: Appears 12-48 hours after the fever
E: Fine, red and rough-textured BLANCHES on pressure
F: Rash resolves 3-4 days after onset and then DesQuamation begins
What’s the difference between [Staph Aureus Toxic Shock] and [Strep Pyogenes Group A Toxic Shock]
Unlike pt with [Staph Aureus Toxic Shock], [STREP Pyogenes Group A Toxic Shock] will result in a Positive Culture
A: Puerperal Sepsis
B: Who is this typically seen in?
A: [Strep Pyogenes] colonizing the genital tract or from Ob/Gyn Doc invade upper genital tract —>
[Strep Pyogenes Group A Toxic Shock] / [necrotizing fasciitis] /lymphangitis
B: Seen in women post delivery or post abortion
A: List the 2 Main sx of [Post-Streptococcal Sequelae]
B: Which strep is this associated with?
- Rheumatic Fever
- Glomerular Nephritis
B: [Strep Pyogenes Group A]
A: Rheumatic Fever Description
B: When does this reoccur?
C: List 4 symptoms
D: This is 1 of the 2 symptoms for what syndrome?
A: Nonsuppurative inflammation occurring 1-5 weeks after [Strep pharyngitis]
B: Attacks reoccur into adulthood
C:
- Fever
- [SubQ Nodules]
- Chorea
- [Characteristic Cardiac lesions - Aschoff bodies and mitral valve damage]
D: Syndrome: [Post-Streptococcal Sequelae]
