9-4 Gram (+) RODS Flashcards
(23 cards)
A: 7 Characteristics of [Bacillus Anthracis]
A:
1) [Spore forming - BOX CAR shaped rod]
2) Widespread in nature
3) Prefers aerobic conditions
4) NON-MOTILE (all other Bacillus are motile)
5) [NON-Hemolytic]
6) [PCN susceptible]
7) [Protein Capsule made of [Poly-D-Glutamic Acid] ]
How does [Bacillus Anthracis] clinically manifest via CUTANEOUS exposure (3)
Cutaneous:
- Painless papule
- Ulcer surrounded by vesicles
- Necrotic eschar
How does [Bacillus Anthracis] clinically manifest via INGESTED/GI exposure:
A: Upper GI
B: Lower GI (3)
C: Mortality Rate
A: Upper GI
– Ulcers in mouth and esophagus
B: Lower GI
– Terminal ileum most commonly affected
– N/V/bloody diarrhea
—Malaise
C: Mortality 100%
How does [Bacillus Anthracis] clinically manifest via INHALATIONAL exposure (3)
A: Onset Time
B: Initial Sx
C: Descrie 2nd Stage of [Inhalational Anthrax] (2)
D: Shock and DEATH occurs within ___ days unless treatment is initiated ______, even tho _____ disease is rare.
______ symptoms only occur in 50% of patients
A: Prolonged latent period (2 months or more)
B: Initial symptoms are nonspecific:
(Fever, SOB, cough, HA, vomiting, chills, chest and abdominal pain)
C: Secondstage
– [Rapidly worsening fever] w/ edema
-enlargement of mediastinal lymph modes (responsible for widened mediastinum on CXR)
D: Shock and death occurs within 3 days unless treatment is initiated immediately even tho pulmonary disease is rare. Meningeal symptoms occur in 50% of patients
B: How dangerous is [Bacillus Anthracis]
C: Where does the bacteria normally live (2)?
D: Where should Docs obtain sample from (4)
B: [Category A BIOTHREAT AGENT]
C: Contaminated soil or infected animal products (such as wool —> [Wool Sorter’s Dz]
D: Skin / Blood / Sputum / CSF
Name the 2 AEROBIC Gram POSITIVE Rods that can cause Food Poisoning
- Bacillus Cereus
- [Listeria Monocytonegenes] (which is a Facultative AnAerobe)
Characteristics of [Listeria Monocytonegenes] (5)
- Non-spore forming - Gram POSITIVE ROD
- Part of Fecal Flora for many animals
- [Tumbling “Umbrella” Motility]
- Can Move at RT but [CAN NOT MOVE AT 37ºC]
- Grows in 1-2 Days as [small gray-white colonies]
A: 3 Food Groups Commonly associated with LISTERIA Infection/Contamination
A:
- [Soft cheeses and cold cuts]
- “Ready to eat” foods
- smoked seafood
What are the 3 Steps for [Listeria Monocytonegenes] Pathogenesis
1st: Bacteria invade epithelial cells, M cells, macrophages by [internalin protein]
2nd: Bacteria are engulfed in vacuole and produce listeriolysin, at which phospholipases escapes from phagosome
3rd: With the help of the [ActA gene], host cell actin is used to move Listeria into adjacent cells without exposure to immune system
Why are pts with defects in [Cellular Immunity] more susceptible to [Listeria Monocytogenes]?
Since [Listeria Monocytogenes] moves between adjacent cells using [ActA gene - ACTIN ROCKETS], [Humoral Antibody Immunity] is no good—–>
Pt with deficiencies in [Cellular immunity] are more susceptible to SEVERE LISTERIA INFECTION because that’s the only defense against [inside-cell infection].
A: List the 3 patient populations most at risk for [Listeria Monocytogenes] Infection
B: Describe their Symptoms
- Neonates
a) Early-onset disease: acquired transplacentally in utero, = disseminated abscesses and granulomas in multiple organs
b) Late-onset disease: acquired at or shortly after birth presents as [meningitis with septicemia]
——————————————————————————– - Elderly
– influenza-like illness with or without gastroenteritis
———————————————————————————— - Pregnant women or [patients with cell-mediated immune defects]
= bacteremia /hypotension / meningitis
A: 6 Characteristics of [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]
B: Incubation time
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:
1. Gram positive rods that form long hairlike filaments
- Microaerophilic/ facultative anaerobe
- Small, grayish, ALPHA hemolytic colonies
- Catalase neg,
- non-motile
- produces H2S on triple sugar iron agar (TSI)
B: 2-3 days incubation due to slow growth
A: Where is [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae] typically found? (3)
B: Where and which animal does it like to colonize (5)
C: Which humans get the infection? How?
A: Ubiquitous in soil and groundwater, distributed
worldwide (human disease is uncommon)
B: Recovered from tonsils and digestive tract of mammals, birds and fish.
• Colonization high in swine and turkeys
C: Human infection acquired from animals, mostly occupational: butchers, meat processors, farmers, poultry workers, fish handlers and veterinarians
C2: Cutaneous infections typically develop after the organism
is inoculated subcutaneously
A: Describe the 2 Forms of Human Infection for [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae]
B: Tx
• Two forms of human infection
1. Erysipeloid: localized skin infection, on fingers or hands and appears violaceous with a raised edge. Slowly spreads peripherally as discoloration fades. Suppuration is uncommon (separates from streptococcal erysipelas)
- Septicemic form: uncommon, when present frequently associated with endocarditis
B: Treatment – Penicillin
A: 3 Characteristics of Corynebacterium
B: This bacteria is ubiquitous in _____ and ______
C: [Corynebacterium Diphtheriae] ____ _______ is carried in a ______
Characteristics of Corynebacterium
- Clumps of organisms resembling Chinese “letters”
- Grows aerobic or facultatively anaerobic
- Small white non hemolytic colonies
B: This bacteria is ubiquitous in PLANTS and ANIMALS
C: [Corynebacterium Diphtheriae] TOXIN GENE is carried in a BACTERIOPHAGE
What 3 Abx do you use to treat [Corynebacterium Diphtheriae]
” Treat Diphtheriae with PEAs”
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
- Antitoxin
[Corynebacterium jeikeium] organisms are resistant to most ______ B: What abx do you use to treat this
[Corynebacterium jeikeium] organisms are resistant to most antibiotics, except vancomycin
A: 3 Main Characteristics of [Arcanobacterium hemolyticum]
B: 2 Groups it can be isolated from
C: Sx (5)
Characteristics of
Arcanobacterium hemolyticum
1. Non-spore forming Gram-positive rod producing irregular, club- shaped, curved or “V” formation
- Catalase-negative
- Beta hemolytic (colonies look similar to [Strep Pyogenes Group A] on blood agar)
B: -Isolated mostly from young adults (15-25 Y.O.)
-isolated from wounds, abscesses and blood of patients with septicemia and endocarditis
C:
- symptomatic pharyngitis,
- fever,
- cutaneous rash,
- some with pseudomembranes pharynx/tonsils
- submandibular lymphadenopathy
“A Young V-shaped Boy, that positively hated Cats, boarded the Ark after discovering a septicemic abscess”
A: [Aerobic Actinomycetes] CHARCTERISTICS (3)
B: Where are they found (2)
C: List the Organisms found in this group (5)
” [Aerobic AcinomyCetes] Need Real Therapy “
[Aerobic Actinomycetes] - CHARACTERISTICS
- Aerobic gram-positive RODS
- catalase-positive
- can colonize animals and humans
B: are found commonly in soil and decaying vegetation.
C:
- Nocardia
- Rhodococcus
- Tropheryma
A: Characteristics of [NOCARDIA - Aerobic Actinomycetes] specifically (5)
B: Incubation
How are Exogenous infections acquired? (2)
- Pulmonary diseases
- 1º or 2º cutaneous infections
- 2º CNS infections (brain abscess)
B: Sulfonamides and Proper wound care
What Dz are the [Rhodococcus - Aerobic Actinomycetes] associated with (4)
- Pulmonary diseases,
- opportunistic infect.- wound infect.,,
- opportunistic infect. - peritonitis
- opportunistic infect. - traumatic endophthalmitis )
A: [WHIPPLE’S DISEASE] is caused by what bacteria?
B: What class does it belong to?
A: [Tropheryma - Aerobic Actinomycetes]
B: Aerobic Actinomycetes
Which class of Abx is Listeria COMPLETELY RESISTANT to?
Cephalosporins
