Flashcards in 9/28 Quiz Deck (27)
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1
Describe how photoperiod influences the mare's cycling
Photoperiod influences the production of melatonin from pineal gland
Longer days-->lower melatonin-->horse will cycle
2
Describe the uterus when it's under the influence of:
1) progesterone
2) estrogen
1) closed cervix, high uterine tone, minimal uterine activity
2) less uterine tone, uterine edema & relaxed cervix
3
When grading the cervix, a 1 would indicate?
1= tight/closed
4
Which clinical sign is most commonly associated with endometritis?
Failure to conceive
5
Definitive diagnosis of endometritis can be made by doing?
biopsy
6
Name 4 common bacterial causes of endometritis?
Which two are likely to form a biofilm?
Strep. zooepidemicus
e. coli*
Klebsiella
Pseudomonas*
* = likely to form biofilm
7
For which equine venereal disease should you call the state vet?
Contagious equine metritis (CEM)
8
Most common cause on non-infectious abortion in horses?
Twins
9
Which type of twins (location-wise) are unlikely to be spontaneously reduced?
Bicornuate (bilateral)
10
Early embryonic death is pregnancy loss prior to ___days
45 days
*before fetal stage
11
If a pregnant mare presents with mild colic in late gestation, you should suspect?
Uterine torsion
12
You're examining an aborted fetus that has 1-2mm gray/white spots on its liver; you also notice intranuclear inclusion bodies; these findings are suggestive of?
Equine herpes virus
13
What infectious agent is likely to cause foals that are born with severe respiratory signs (interstitial pneumonia)
Equine viral arteritis
*this occurs if mare if infected when she's close to foaling
14
Which subspecies/serovar of lepto causes most of the clinical syndromes in mares?
Pomona
15
Most common pathogen causing placentitis in mares?
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
16
3 most common treatment modalities used for placentitis?
Anti-inflammatories
Antibiotics
Progesterone (Altrenogest)
17
Foals born to mares with placentitis are described as
small and sick
18
Normal, nonodorous lochia may be present in sheep and goats for how long following parturition?
3 weeks
19
Most common cause of dystocia in sheep/goats?
fetal postural abnormalities
20
Describe a "true breech" in goats/sheep
caudal longitudinal presentation
dorsosacral position
both back limbs retained beneath fetus
21
3 most common infectious cases of abortion in small ruminants?
Toxoplasma gondii
Chlamydophila abortus
Campylobacter
22
Top 4 viruses to consider when abortion occurs with fetal deformities?
Bluetongue
Akabane
Cache Valley
Border Disease
23
Which day of gestation is important in determining fetal outcome with Border Disease
Day 85
*infected before= PI lamb or abortion
*infected after= normal, weak, or stillborn
24
Most significant cause of abortion in SHEEP in North America
Characteristic finding?
Campylobacter
"gray targets" (necrotic foci) on liver
25
Generalized placentitis of cotyledons & intercodyledonary space is associated with?
Chlamydophila
26
Epididymitis in Rams is associated with?
Brucellosis
27
