Exam 2 Flashcards
(85 cards)
What are our 3 general drug/hormone options for inducing parturition in most spp.?
Oxytocin
PGF2a
Corticosteroids
Which drug used for delaying of parturition is banned for use in food animals?
clenbuterol
How far along should the mare be before you consider induction?
At least 335days from breeding date
Concerning Mare pregnancy induction:
1) Drug of choice?
2) Timeline of its effects?
3) Drug(s) to avoid?
Oxytocin
delivery within 15-90min (RAPID)
AVOID PGF2a (compromises foal survival)
Most common indication for delaying parturition in mares?
Managing cases of placentitis
*Remember this is usually due to ascending infections!
How far along should a cow be before considering induction?
at least 262day (no more than 2 weeks before due date)
Which type of drug is most commonly used to induce cattle?
Which specific drug is used most commonly and how soon do we expect them to calf after administration?
Steroids
Dexamethasone; ~48hr
Describe the benefit of using depot corticosteroids when inducing parturition in cattle.
Give 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage
depot formulations more closely mimic the SLOW RISE in fetal cortisol
Good bc there’s a lower incidence of RFM
doesn’t give a predictable time for parturition following injection (4-26days)
Which combination protocol for induction of cattle offers the lowest incidence of RFM?
Depot corticosteroid followed by Dex+ PFG2a 6 days later
The most common complication of induction in cattle?
retained fetal membranes
Most commonly used tocolytic agent in cattle?
Which one would be illegal?
Epinephrine (blocks uterine contraction)
clenbuterol
In which spp. do we induce for efficiency/production purposes more so than for health of the dam?
Swine
trying to maximize labor/resources, reduce age differences btwn litters, etc.
Concerning induction in swine:
1) minimum gestation length before inducing
2) which induction protocol offers shortest farrowing window?
1) 111days (avg. 114)
2) PGF2a + oxytocin (give PGF2a first, and oxytocin 24hr later)–>birth within 6hr following oxytocin
Primary reason we would induce a doe or ewe?
Pregnancy toxemia (or unlikely to survive whatever concurrent illness they have)
Concerning induction in doe and ewe:
1) how far along must they be
2) how do the drug choices differ btwn the two spp. and why?
1) 140days (both)
2) Doe is CL dependent for entire pregnancy. so you can use PGF2a at any time
With sheep, protocols must include dexamethasone
Which drug is commonly used to induce in camelids? How soon does it work?
PGF2a (CL dependent entire pregnancy**)
parturition in ~20hr (8-30hr)
When delaying parturition in camelids, when should tx be d/c and why?
stop at day 300 of pregnancy
to avoid complications (failure of cervical dilation, poor lactation)
What two things are required for induction of parturition naturally?
Maturation of fetal HPA axis
Functioning placenta
3 important effects of estrogen during parturition
1) induces upregulation of oxytocin receptors in uterus
2) increases PGF2a production
3) increases tubular secretions–>lubrication
Which breed of cattle have the longest gestational length?
Bos indicus (~292d)
Which hereditary cause of prolonged gestation is associated with:
1) OVERSIZED calves with long hair and hooves & erupted incisors
2) SMALL calves with craniofacial deformities
3) large calves with long hair and parietal/frontal bone defects
1) fetal adrenal hypoplasia (Holstein, Ayrshires)
2) fetal pituitary aplasia (Guernsey & Scandinavian Red)
3) cerebral herniation with catlin mark (Holstein)
Two plants associated with prolonged gestation?
Veratrum californicum
Endophyte-infected fescue
How does endophyte-infected fescue prolong gestation?
ergot alkaloids it produces are dopamine agonists–>dopamine suppresses prolactin
The most common hydropic condition?
Hydros allantois
