9- Genetics

Question 1

What is the genotype?

Answer 1

The complete set of genetic materials

Question 2

What does the double helix inside DNA consist of?

Answer 2

4 proteins

Question 3

What is the phenotype?

Answer 3

Observable physical appearance or measurable psychological trait

Question 4

Where is DNA located?

Answer 4

Inside the nucleus

Question 5

How is DNA arranged?

Answer 5

In a double helix

Question 6

What are the names of the horizontal bars (bases) within DNA?

Answer 6

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question 7

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 7

23 pairs

Question 8

Why are chromosomes copied/replicated in reproduction?

Answer 8

To pass on to the next generation

Question 9

What are the female sex chromosomes?

Answer 9

XX

Question 10

What are the male sex chromosomes?

Answer 10

XY

Question 11

How many pairs of autosomes are there?

Answer 11

22

Question 12

What does Mendel’s law of inheritance say about dominant alleles?

Answer 12

Only one copy of the dominant allele needs to be expressed

Question 13

What does Mendel’s law of inheritance say about recessive alleles?

Answer 13

Two copies of the recessive allele are needed to be expressed

Question 14

When do mutations occur?

Answer 14

When DNA replication goes wrong

Question 15

What can mutated genes sometimes cause?

Answer 15

Cancer

Question 16

What kind of effects do mutations mostly have?

Answer 16

Harmful ones

Question 17

3 examples of mutations

Answer 17

Inversion, duplication, deletion