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General Surgery > Rosh ER review > Flashcards

Rosh ER review Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardial Tamponade EKG

A

ECG will show low voltage QRS, electrical alternans

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2
Q

Pericardial Tamponade tx

A

pericardiocentesis

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3
Q

Preserved ability to raise the eyebrows suggests

A

stroke

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4
Q

what is the most sensitive finding in cauda equina syndrome?

A

urinary retention

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5
Q

sudden, painless, complete loss of monocular vision

- what pathology

A

central retinal artery occlusion

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6
Q

which of the following offers a proven mortality benefit in acute coronary syndrome?

A

aspirin

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7
Q

True or false: Most cases of adult intussusception are due to underlying malignancy?

A

true

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8
Q

What electrocardiogram finding is classically associated with hypercalcemia?

A

short QT interval

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9
Q

cardiac abnormality Associated with patients with COPD and the elderly

A

MAT

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10
Q

how do you dx testical tortion

A

US

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11
Q

what happened to the creammaster reflex with testicaular tortion

A

is becomes absent

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12
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage is associated with what pathology

A

DM

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13
Q

blood over the iris is

A

Hyphema

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14
Q

blood below the iris is called

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

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15
Q

Hyphema tx’s 2

A

elevate bed

consult

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16
Q

what is the MCC of acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones

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17
Q

tx for croup

A

steroids, aerosolized epinephrine

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18
Q

what is the cause of croup

A

parainfluenza virus

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19
Q

methimazole or PTU tx what

A

thyroid storm

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20
Q

acute cholangitis AKA

A

ASCENDING

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21
Q

what medication is contraindicated in a right ventricular infarction

A

nitro

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22
Q

electrical alternans what pathology

A

Pericardial Tamponade

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23
Q

what is the MCC of cystitis is ALL populations

A

ecoli

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24
Q

what are the three txs for cystitis

A

bactrium
cipro
macrovid

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25
Q

How are hemorrhoids treated

A

Warm baths or sitz baths, stool softeners, laxatives, anal hygiene, topical steroids, and analgesia.

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26
Q

what is the MCC of epiglititis

A

H.influenzae

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27
Q

what is the tx for epiglititis

A

ceftriaxone

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28
Q

how do you dx enchephalitis

A

MRI

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29
Q

myxedema coma is a compliaction of what disease

A

hypothyroidism

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30
Q

For pediatric patients with acute ischemic stroke in the setting of sickle cell disease, what is the tx

A

transfusion

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31
Q

resent with acute onset of unilateral pelvic pain which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

A

ruptured ovarian cyst

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32
Q

dx of endometriosis

A

laparoscopy

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33
Q

Endometriosis tx

A
  • NSAIDs

- OCP

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34
Q

lumbar puncture is abnormal, showing a markedly elevated CSF protein with a mild pleocytosis

what pathology

A

GBS

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35
Q

what is the DTR with GBS

A

decreased

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36
Q

GBS cause

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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37
Q

what non neuro system may someone with GBS experience

A

diarrhea

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38
Q

Warfarin is contraindicated in what condition

A

pregnancy

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39
Q

chronic gout tx 2

A

allopurinol or colchicine

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40
Q

acute gout tx 3

A
  • NSAIDs,
  • colchicine
  • steroids,
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41
Q

What is the most common pathogen that causes erysipelas?

A

strep. pyogenes.

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42
Q

The skin can develop a peau d’orange appearance and classically involves the face in a malar distribution.

A

erysipelas

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43
Q

Posterior nose bleeds artery :

A

Sphenopalatine artery

44
Q

septic arthritis MCC

A
  • N ginnarrhea

- S.aureus

45
Q

Pericarditis tx

A

NSAIDs,

colchicine

46
Q

diffuse ST-segment elevation

what pathology

A

Pericarditis

47
Q

what are the positions for Pericarditis

A

worse when lying back and improved when leaning forward

48
Q

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis PH

A

< 4.5

49
Q

Spinal Epidural Abscess dx

A

MRI

50
Q

Spinal Epidural Abscess MCC

A

staph aureus

51
Q

can pregnant women get permethrin

A

yes

52
Q

ostromyeltis in sick cell patients is caused by

A

Salmonella

53
Q

bronchiolitis, MCC

A

RSV

54
Q

4 meds that will cause a crisis with G6PD

A

antimalarials,
sulfonamides, n
itrofurantoin
, fava beans.

55
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia tx

A

Carbamazepine

56
Q

What is the most common cause of myocarditis worldwide?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi.

57
Q

what does the smere show with G6 PD 2

A

heinz bodies, presence of bite cells on the smear

58
Q

what is the cooms with G6PD

A

coombs neg

59
Q

Chronic lithium ingestion may cause

A

neohrogenic DI

60
Q

neohrogenic DI tx

A

Treatment is HCTZ, amiloride, indomethacin

61
Q

What artery is typically involved in strokes causing homonymous hemianopsia?

A

Posterior cerebral artery.

62
Q

contralat paralysis (lower > upper)

A

Anterior cerebral artery

63
Q

contralat paralysis (upper > lower), aphasia

A

Middle cerebral artery

64
Q

what region ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF

A

inferior

65
Q

V1 - V4: Left anterior descending (LAD)

A

anterior septal

66
Q

What syndrome closely resembles thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura but is more common in children?

A

HUS

67
Q

what is the Tx for TTP

A

plasma exchange with intravenous corticosteroids

68
Q

tx for HELLP) syndrome.

A

Mag

69
Q

Which of the following causes acute painful loss of vision

A

Optic neuritis

70
Q

blood and thunder

A

Central retinal vein occlusion

71
Q

On examination, the retina is edematous and the fovea is seen as a cherry-red spot

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

72
Q

Optic neuritis associated with what pathology

A

multiple sclerosis

73
Q

Mc ftacute for compartment syndrome

A

tibia fracture

74
Q

what is the MC class for Angioedema

A

ACE

75
Q

Hypercalcemia tx

A
  • IV fluids

- Bisphospehantes

76
Q

what is the tx for a small penumo

A

O2

observation

77
Q

What blood smear abnormality is associated with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

A

Rouleaux formation-Ig- M

This is also with MM - Ig- G

78
Q

Direct:

Protrudes directly through Hesselbach's triangle and medial to the inferior epigastric artery (IEA)
Bulge decreases upon reclining

Indirect:

​​Most common type
Protrudes through internal ring, lateral to IEA

​Medial to IEA: Direct; Lateral to IEA: Indirect (MDs don’t LIe)

A

good que

79
Q

what is AAA often confused with

A

renal colic

80
Q

Peptic ulcer disease 2 MCC

A
  • hpylori

- NSAIDs

81
Q

what type of PUD is decreased with food

A
  • duodeaneal

DUDe give me food

82
Q

what is teh MC cause of upper GI bleed

A
  • PUD
83
Q

what type of vision loss with Macular degeneration

A

central vision loss

84
Q

Fundoscopic examination in early disease shows drusen.

A
  • macular degeneration
85
Q

most common cause of parasitic diarrheal infection in the United States.

A

giardiasis

86
Q

giardiasis tx

A

metronidazole

87
Q

what is the best test for a kidney stone

A

non contarst CT

88
Q

what is the best test for acute pylo

A
  • UA
89
Q

how do you tx acute pyko if prego

A

ceftriaxone

90
Q

miosis means what

A

pin point puples

91
Q

Bipolar I disorder, also commonly known as manic depression, involves the patient having one or more manic episodes. Often depressive episodes cycle with the mania, although this is not required for diagnosis

A
  • boom
92
Q

what is the tx for SVT 3

A

Treatment is
vagal maneuvers,
drug therapy (adenosine),
and cardioversion

93
Q

Erythema infectiosum is caused by what virus

A

parvo B-19

94
Q

Erythema infectiosum can cause an aplastic crisis with people with what condition

A

sickle cell

95
Q

“machine-like” heart murmur

A

PDA

96
Q

tx for PDA

A

idomethacin

97
Q

status epilepticus: seizure lasting more than five minutes or more than two discrete seizures without intervening recovery of consciousness.

Tx 2

A
  • benzos

- pheno barbital

98
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy Tx

A

lactulose

99
Q

what is the MC location (artery) for mesenteric ischemia

A

SMA

100
Q

what is the tx for malet finger

A

extension splint
If it goes longer than 12 weeks you will need tenson reconstruction
they are at risk for swan neck deformity

101
Q

Bullous Pemphigoid

Patient will be older than 60-years-old
Complaining of intensely pruritic papules that became large, tense blisters/bullae
PE will show tense and firm blisters that do not extend with lateral pressure (Nikolsky sign negative)
Most commonly caused by chronic autoimmune blistering disease
Treatment is corticosteroids and immunosuppressants
A

truth

102
Q

phemphagus vulgaris

does is have a Nikolsky sign

A

yes

this is is patients 20-40

103
Q

what has Kussmaul breathing

A

DKA

104
Q

is the first line treatment for a hypertensive patient with an aortic dissection

A

Esmolol

105
Q

CXR will show widened mediastinum

A

aortic disection

106
Q

honey crusted lesions

A

impetigo

107
Q

impetigo tx

A

mupirocin

General Surgery (30 decks)

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