Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Business Process Mgmt > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

When should the fetal stomach be documented?

A

2 + 3 trimesters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is associated with a small or absent fetal stomach?

A

can be normal (allow to fill- 30 mins)

or can be a/w aneupolidy, tracheoesophageal fistula, and oligohydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Esophageal atresia:

A

absence in segment of esophageal
congenital
a/w tracheoesophageal fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Whats the most common type of esophageal atresia?

A

w/ a fistula connecting the distal portion of the esophagus with the trachea (90%)
if stomach doesn’t communicate with trachea, the stomach will be empty/small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Esophageal atresia should be suspected when the stomach is empty/absent when there’s __________.

A

polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some causes of an absent stomach?

A 
normal empty stomach
herniated into chest
abdo wall defect
EA 
aneuploidy
anhydramnios
microgastria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an enlarged stomach associated with?

A

duodenal atresia

persistent enlarged stomach for the duration of the scan-30mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the double bubble sign?

A

two fluid bubbles:
dilated stomach
dilated prox duodenum
*show the connectiong between duodenum and stomach is important in dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the most common site of intestinal atresia?

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Duodenal atresia is associated with?

A

polyhydramnios
coexsting anomalies (50%)
Tri-21 (33%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Jejunal-ileal obstruction/atresia:

A

most common reason for JIO is an isolated vascular compromise
dx is based on dilated loops of bowel w/o dilated stomach
apple peel jejunal atresia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What measurement is considered a dilated loop of bowel?

A

7mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Apple peel jejunal atresia:

A

subtype of jejunal-ileal obstruction

agenesis of the mesentery and is more often familial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s an underlying etiology for ileal obstruction?

A

cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Good photo of the types of jejunal ileal obstruction

A

on slide 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anorectal atresia:

A

most common atresia of large bowel
highest incidence of association w/ other anomalies: chromosomal + genitourinary
part of VACTERL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the sonographic dx of anorectal atresia

A

dilated loops of bowel

absence of polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Echogenic bowel:

A

bowel is same echogenicity of iliac crest or bone (2nd trimester)
considered to be a soft marker and an association w/ tri21, cystic fibrosis, meconium peritonitis, and congenital viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is an echogenic bowel normal later on in the pregnancy (3rd tri)?

A

Yes bc meconium is echogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can be risks for echogenic bowel?

A 
aneuploidy
CF
swallowed fetal blood
infection
GI atresia
IUGR
fetal demise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Omphacele:

A

most common anomaly of the abdo wall
herniation of abdo organs (liver+bowel) into base of umbilical cord
usually isolated

22
Q

What’s the most common anomaly of the abdominal wall?

A

omphacele

23
Q

Omphacele can be associated with:

A

pentalogy of Cantrell
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
(CHD, chromo abnormalities)

24
Q

Pentralogy of Cantrell:

A

association of ectopia cordis, heart defect, diaphragmatic hernia, pericardial defect and omphacele

25
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome:

A

macrosomia, macroglossia, renal neoplasm and omphacele

gigantism

26
Q

Gastroschisis:

A

abdo organs are pushing out into amniotic cavity
usually isolated
higher association with morbidity or mortality

27
Q

What lab test is associated with abdo wall defects

A

inc maternal AFP

28
Q

Gastroschisis can be increased by what factors?

A

teen moms
tobacco
illicit drugs (prolly crack)
decongestants (pseudoephedrine)

29
Q

What GI anomalies can you have with gastroschisis?

A

atresias, stenosis, perforations, or volvulus (malrotation of the herniated bowel)

30
Q

The liver increases in echogenicity as the fetal ages. True or false

A

False–stays the same

31
Q

The spleen is not normally evaluated. What’s the texture/echogenicity tho?

A

similar to liver

32
Q

Splenomegaly is associated with:

A

severe hemolytic disease due to isoimmunization and infection

33
Q

Asplenia is associated with:

A

situs inversus

asplenia and polysplenia are associated with heterotaxy syndromes

34
Q

Choledochal cyst:

A

sacculations of the CBD
most often appears as RUQ cyst inferior to umbilical vein and anterior to rt. kidney
usually can see dilated ducts
location differentiates it from duodenal atresia

35
Q

Adrenal glands:

A

not usually assessed by easy to visualize after 20wks

medial margin of lt. adrenal gland is lateral wall of aorta and rt. adrenal is posterior to IVC

36
Q

Echogenicity of adrenal gland?

A

cortex- hypoechoic

medulla- echogenic

37
Q

Neuroblastoma in adrenals:

A

malignant
most common neonatal tumor
complex mass, mostly solid w/ cystic spaces + calcifications

38
Q

Hemorrhage of adrenals:

A

associated w/ fetal distress in older fetuses

similar appearance to renal/adrenal tumors

39
Q

Umbilical arteries can be identified on _____ ____ scans of fetal pelvis lateral to bladder.

A

oblique axial

40
Q

Single umbilical artery is associated with:

A

an increase risk of IUGR, congenital anomalies (cardiovascular+genitourinary) and chromosomal abnormalities

41
Q

Ductus venosus:

A

originates from the pars transversa segment of the LPV and courses in a posterior cranial direction to terminate in the left hepatic vein (LPV) very near IVC

42
Q

Ductus venosus flow:

A

high velocity, low impedance

forward flow towards rt. atrium

43
Q

Umbilical vein and PV diameter:

A

have a similar diameter and is usually not possible to differentiate between the two

44
Q

Persistent rt. umbilical vein:

A

in embryogenessi, 2 umbilical veins form with early regression of the right UV
usually an isolated finding, w/o complications, but there can be a small risk of anomalies. But generally fine

45
Q

What does a persistant rt. umbilical vein look like

A

tubular structure in anterior RUQ lateral to fetal GB
normal size to normal UV
turns left towards stomach

46
Q

Ascites can be seen with:

A 
hydrop fetalis
bowel perforation
ovarian cyst rupture
fetal urinary ascites
transudation or rupture of the fetal urinary tract
persistant urogenital sinus
47
Q

What gastrointestinal anomaly is associated with infection?

A

echogenic bowel

48
Q

Which GI atresia has the highest incidence of associated anomalies?

A

anorectal

49
Q

Most common anomaly of the abdo wall?

A

omphalocele

50
Q

What GI anomaly is associated with drug use?

A

gastroschisis

Business Process Mgmt (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions