Hydrops

Question 1

Fetal hydrops refers to a fetus with an accumulation of fluid in which cavities?

Answer 1

subcutaneous edema (thick skin)
peritoneal cavity (ascities)
pericardial effusion 
pleural effusion
or a/w polyhydramnios or placental edema

Question 2

Fetal ascites is diagnosed when fluid is seen where?

Answer 2

b/w bowel loops
along abdo flanks
around liver + falciform ligament
outlining organs

Question 3

In males, ascites can be seen where?

Answer 3

in scrotum (hydrocele)

Question 4

What is the key finding when differentiating pseudoascites from true ascites?

Answer 4

pseudoascites does not surround the liver, and always is a subcutaneous finding. True ascites will extend around bowel loops

Question 5

In normal fetuses, there is a small hypoechoic band, ______cm in thickness, extending along the anterior and lateral fetal abdomen

Answer 5

<2

Question 6

What is pseudoascites?

Answer 6

normal abdo wall muscle/fat

Question 7

What are the results of fetal hemolytic disease?

Answer 7

anemia
extramedullary erythropoiesisi
hepatosplenomegaly
hypoalbuminemia
CHF

Question 8

What are the causes and associations of maternal non-immune hydrops?

Answer 8

uncontrolled diabetes
severe anemia
severe hypoproteinemia
indomethacin
premature closure of ductus arteriosus
maternal syphillis
maternal hyperthyroidism
CMV
parvovirus

Question 9

What are the causes and associations of placental/cord non-immune hydrops?

Answer 9

large choriocarcinoma
umbilical artery aneurysm
cord torsion, knot or tumor

Question 10

What are the causes and associations of fetal non-immune hydrops? LOTS

Answer 10

congenital infection
TTTS
skeletal dysplasia
fetal hypokinesis
tumor + other syndromes
cong diaphragmatic hernia
cystic hygroma
GI
urinary
cardio
chromosomal (turner's, tri13/18/21)
hematologic

Question 11

Why is a fluid collection in one fetal body still a concerning finding?

Answer 11

2 cavities is hydrops. 1 is infection or pleural effusion