Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

main cause of tooth loss before 35

A

dental caries

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2
Q

bacterial causes of periodontitis

A

Aggregatibacter (Acitinobacillus)
Porphyromas
Prevotella

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3
Q

Diseases associated with canker sores

A

celiac disease
IBD
Behcet disease

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4
Q

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

repetitive trauma; focal fibrous hyperplasia

A

irritation fibroma

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5
Q

[diagnosis: oral cavity]

pregnancy tumor, highly vascular, can lead to peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

pyogenic granuloma

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6
Q

[diagnosis: oral infection]

presence of vesicles/bullae with serous fluid and painful uceration

histo: intracellular edema, intercellular edema, multinucleate polykaryons

what is the causative agent

A

HSV1 and 2

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7
Q

[diagnosis]

superficial gray/white membrane (can be scraped off) with erythematous based; superficial except in immunosuppression

A

oral candidiasis

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8
Q

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off, acanthotic, hyperkeratotic but orderly epithelium

A

leukoplakia

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9
Q

[diagnosis: precancerous lesion]

plaques cannot be scraped off; severely dysplastic; more ominous than leukoplakia

A

erythroplakia

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10
Q

risk factors of squamous cell CA of head and neck CA

A
smoking
alcohol
betel quid
paan
actinic radiation
pipe smoking (lower lip)
HPV infection
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11
Q

[odontogenic cysts]

lined by stratified squamous, with chronic inflammation, usually solitary, associated with impacted third molar; can recur with incomplete excision

A

dentigirous cyst

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12
Q

[odontogenic cyst]

lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, prominent basal layer and corrugated epithelial surface; solitary within posterior mandible;

locally aggressive

associated with BCCA syndrome

A

keratogenic odontogenic tumor or Odontogenic keratocysts

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13
Q

___ syndrome

nevoid BCCA with odontogenic keratocyts

A

Gorlin syndrome

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14
Q

most common type of odontogenic tumor

A

odontoma

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15
Q

[diagnosis: odontogenic tumor]

no ectomesenchymal differentiation

epithelial cells lined with palisading columnar cells with nuclei away from basement membrane (basaloid); central part has loose network of cells resembling stellate reticulum

locally invasive, recurs with incomplete excision

A

amenoblastoma

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16
Q

[diagnosis]

stellate reticulum

A

amenobalstoma

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17
Q

[diagnosis]

masses with edematous mucosa and loose stroma, often with hyperplastic or cystic mucous glands and inflammatory cells

A

rhinitis

18
Q

chronic sequelae can lead to formation of nasal polyp

A

rhinitis

19
Q

Causes of laryngoepiglotitis

A

RSV, HiB, GABHS

20
Q

Causes of croup

A

paramyxovirus

21
Q

[diagnosis: larynx]

hoarseness, lining of squamous epitheoum, core of loose myxoid connective tissue

never give rise to cancer

A

vocal vord nodules and polyps

22
Q

[diagnosis]

elderly male (60y/o above)
persistent hoarseness, dysphagia, dysphonia
A

laryngeal CA

23
Q

[diagnosis: ears]

most common cause of primariS. pneumoniae, non-typable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

A

otitis media

24
Q

[diagnosis: ears]

common complication of chronic otitis media

lining: keratinizing stratified squamous or metaplastic mucus-secreting containing amorphous debris

A

cholesteatoma

25
Q

[diagnosis: neck]

remnant of second branchial arch, upper lateral neck mass along SCM; malignant transformation are rare

A

branchial cleft cyst or

cervical lymphoepithelial cyst

26
Q

most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

27
Q

[diagnosis: neck]

neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS

A

paraganglioma

28
Q

[location of paraganglioma]

organ of zuckerkandl, bladder; sympathetic innervation, positive chromaffin stain

A

paravertebral

29
Q

[location of paraganglioma]

seen in carotid bodies; parasympathetic innervation, chromaffin negative

A

aorticopulmonary strain

30
Q

[diagnosis]

zellballen with delicate vascular septa; uniform, round to ovoid; “salt and pepper chromatin”

(+) neuroendocrine markers, S-100 (+) sustentacular cells

A

paraganglioma

31
Q

Prominent component of Sjogren syndrome with lacrimal gland involvement

A

Xerostomia

32
Q

most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion

A

mucocele

33
Q

true cyst when sublingual gland duct is damage

A

ranula

34
Q

most common form of viral sialadenitis

A

mumps

35
Q

most common gland involved in sialolithiasis and nonspecific sialadenitis

A

submandibular gland

36
Q

most common organism associated with sialolithiasis and non-specific sialadenitis

A

S. aureus

37
Q

most common site of salivary gland tumor regardless of tumor behavior

A

parotid gland

38
Q

most common tumor of the salivary gland; most common benign tumor

A

pleomorphic adenoma

39
Q

most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

40
Q

second most common benign tumor of salivary gland

A

warthin tumor

41
Q

most common site of adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

minor (palatine) glands