Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Kidney Pathology > Flashcards

Kidney Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

[diagnosis: glomerular response to injury]

acute, proliferation of mesangium/endothelial cells (hypercellularity), crescent formation

A

PSGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

[diagnosis: glomerular response to injury]

deposition of electron-dense material, synthesis of protein component of GBM, additional layers of BM matrices,

A

membranous nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

[diagnosis: glomerular response to injury]

deposition of homogenous eosinophilic material, deposition of collagen

A

FSGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

[diagnosis]

hematuria, azotemia, edema, hypertension, variable proteinuria

A

nephritic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

[diagnosis]

acute nephritis, proteinuria, acute renal failure

A

RPGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

[diagnosis]

> 3.5g/day proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, lipiduria

A

nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

[diagnosis]

azotemia, uremia progressing for months to years

A

chronic renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

[diagnosis]

Glomerular hematuria and/or subnephrotic proteinuria

A

isolated urinary abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

[diagnosis]

diffuse global hypercellularity, swelling of endothelial cells, obliterates capillary lumina, tubulointerstitial edema and inflammation, with RBC casts

EM: subepithelial humps on GBM

IF: granular deposits of IgG, C3, and Ig within the wall and mesangium

A

PSAGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

[diagnosis]

prototype renal disease of type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

PSGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

laboratory finding elevated in PSGN after pyoderma

A

Anti DNAse B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

[diagnosis]

progressive loss of renal function characterized by nephritic syndrome with severe oliguria

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells admixed with leukocytes infiltrating the glomerulus (“crescents”)

EM: rupture in GBM

IF: linear IgG and C3 deposits along GBM

A

RPGN TYPE I

AntiGBM Disease
Goodpasture Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

[diagnosis]

progressive loss of renal function characterized by nephritic syndrome with severe oliguria

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells admixed with leukocytes infiltrating the glomerulus (“crescents”)

EM: lumpy bumpy appearance of GBM

IF: granular IgG and C3 deposits in GBM

A

RPGN type II

PSAGN, Lupus Nephritis, HSP, Buerger disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

[diagnosis]

progressive loss of renal function characterized by nephritic syndrome with severe oliguria

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells admixed with leukocytes infiltrating the glomerulus (“crescents”)

EM: no detectable deposits

IF: negative IgG and C3 deposits along GBM

A

RPGN type III

ANCA vasculitides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

[diagnosis]

20 y/o male, active smoker with hemoptysis AND renal failure

necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis + RPGN

A

RPGN Type I

Goodpasture Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

20 y/o male, active smoker with hemoptysis AND renal failure

necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis + RPGN LIMITED to kidneyonly

A

RPGN Type I

Anti-GBM disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

[diagnosis]

children, no azotemia, on recent prophylactic immunization, with nephrotic syndrome

LM: no changes

EM: uniform and diffuse effacement of foot processes of the podocyte

IF: no changes

A

Minimal Change Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

[diagnosis]

adult, with SLE and EBV infection, taking NSAIDs

LM: diffuse thickening of capillary wall

EM: subepithelial deposits along GBM (spike and dome appearance); effacement of foot processes

IF: granular deposit of immunoglobulin and complement along the GBM

A

Membranous Glomerulonephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

[diagnosis]

adult, with HIV on heroin

LM: deposition of hyalin masses, increased mesangial matrix in nonaffected segments

EM: effaced foot process

IF: non-specific trapping of IgM and C3 in areas of hyalinosis

A

FSGS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

[diagnosis]

patient with schistosomiasis

LM: thickened split GBM (tram track)

EM: subENDOthelial electron-dense deposits

IF: irregular, granular C3 deposit WITH IgG and C1q and C4

A

MPGN Type I

Both classical and alternative pathways are active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

[diagnosis]

patient with Factor H mutation, with ESRD

LM: thickened split GBM (tram track)

EM: lamina densa and glomerular capillary transformed into irregular, ribbon-like, dense structure

IF: irregular, chunky, segmental linear foci of C3 deposits in GBM and mesangium WITHOUT IgG and complement

A

MPGN Type II

Alternative pathway is active

Also called Dense Deposit Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

[diagnosis]

Young adult with previous GIT infection

LM: mesangial widening and endocapillary proliferation

EM: mesangial electron dense deposits

IF: mesangial deposition of IgA, often with C3 and properdin

localized to kidneys

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger Disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common type of GN worldwide

A

IgA nephropathy

24
Q

[diagnosis]

6 year old child with purpuric lesion, abdominal pain, intestinal bleeding, arthralgial with renal abnormalities

LM: mesangial widening and endocapillary proliferation

EM: mesangial electron dense deposits

IF: mesangial deposition of IgA, often with C3 and properdin

systemic deposition of IgA

A

HSP

25
Q

[diagnosis]

male with lens dislocation, posterior cataract, corneal dystrophy, deaf, hematuria

LM: glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy

EM: thin GBM, basket-weave appearnce of GBM

A

Alport syndrome

26
Q

[diagnosis]

X-linked Dominant, defective Type IV collagen with CKD

A

Alport syndrome

27
Q

[diagnosis]

symmetrically contracted kidneys, thin cortex, increase in peripelvic fat,

Microscopically: hyalinosis and sclerosis, arterioloscleorsis, tubular atrophy, mononuclear infiltrates and fibrosis of interstitium

A

chronic GN

28
Q

[type of ATN]

patchy, short; straight segments of proximal tubule and ascending loop of henle are affected

present cast

A

ischemic ATN

29
Q

[type of ATN]

extensive, long; affected are PCT and ascending loop of henle

present cast

A

toxic ATN

30
Q

[type of tubulointerstitial nephritis]

(+) interstitial edema
(-) fibrosis
(-) atrophy
neutrophils and eosinophils dominate

A

Acute TIN

31
Q

[type of tubulointerstitial nephritis]

(-) interstitial edema
(+) fibrosis
(+) atrophy
mononuclears (lymphocyte predominance)

A

Chronic TIN

32
Q

most common cause of AKI

A

Acute tubular necrosis

33
Q

second most common cause of AKI

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis caused by drugs/toxins

34
Q

most common route of UTI in females

A

ascending infection

35
Q

most common agents that cause UTI via ascending infection

A

E.coli
Proteus
Enterobacter

36
Q

[diagnosis: form of pyelonephritis]

female with uncontrolled DM
fever, CVA tenderness, dysuria

pyuria, bacteriuria, WBC casts

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

37
Q

[diagnosis: form of pyelonephritis]

8 year old male with vesicoureteral obstruction

blunting, flattening, loss of papilla, no abscess

thyroidization, tubular atrophy, and vascular sclerosis in scarred areas

A

chronic pyelonephritis

38
Q

[diagnosis: vascular disorders]

patient with essential hypertension, leathery granular kidneys, with hyaline arteriolosclerosis, not in uremia

A

nephrosclerosis

39
Q

[diagnosis: vascular disorders]

patient with malignant hypertension, petechial hemorrhages on surface, hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (onion-skinning)

patient became uremic

A

malignant nephrosclerosis

40
Q

[diagnosis: vascular disorders]

hyaline arteriolosclerosis; hyaline deposition

A

essential HPN

41
Q

[diagnosis: vascular disorders]

hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
fibrinoid necrosis

A

malignant hypertension

onion-skinning

42
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

ADPKD are commonly seen among ___ (adults/children)

A

adults

43
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

ARPKD are commonly seen among ___ (adults/children)

A

children

44
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

patient with renal failure, liver cyst, intracranial berry aneurysm, mitral valve prolapse

A

ADPKD

most common cause of death is Coronary or HHD

45
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

patient with renal failure with periportal fibrosis

A

ARPKD

46
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

PKD1 and PKD2 mutation

A

ADPKD

47
Q

[diagnosis: cystic diseases]

PKHD 1 mutation

A

ARPKD

48
Q

[identify the type of renal stone]

radiopaque, octahedron shape

Acidic urine pH

A

calcium oxalate

49
Q

[identify the type of renal stone]

radiopaque, coffin-lid shape

basic urine pH

A

struvite

50
Q

[identify the type of renal stone]

radiolucent, rhombic shape

acidic urine pH

A

uric acid

51
Q

[identify the type of renal stone]

radiopaque but difficult to visualize than Ca stones, hexagonal

acidic urine pH

A

cystine stone

52
Q

[identify the type of renal stone]

proteus infection, staghorn calculi

basic pH

A

struvite stones

53
Q

[diagnosis]

hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

from proximal tubule cells
yellowish mass with areas of necrosis

histo: rounded or polygonal cells with abundant clear or granular cytoplasm which contains glycogen or lipids

A

clear cell

54
Q

[diagnosis]

hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

renal CA associated with von hippel lindau syndrome

A

clear cell

55
Q

[diagnosis]

hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

from distal tubule cell, hemorrhagic with cystic mass

histo: psammoma bodies present, cuboidal or low columnar cells in papillary formations

A

papillary

56
Q

[diagnosis]

hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass

from intercalated cells of Cajal (collecting duct)

mahogany brown, relatively homogenous, well-encapsulated with central scarring

histo: pale eosinophilic cells with perinuclear halo, arranged in solid sheets with a concentration of the largest cell around blood vessels

A

chromophobe

57
Q

renal cell CA ha a tendency to invade what vein

A

renal vein

Pathology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions