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WSET D3 from Henry P > Champagne and Sparkling Wines > Flashcards

Champagne and Sparkling Wines Flashcards

1
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Blending

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2
Q

What does mousseaux mean?

A

Fully sparkling

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3
Q

What is the oldest champagne house still in operation?

A

Gosset (1584)

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4
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house?

A

Ruinart (1729)

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5
Q

What is reumage?

A

Riddling

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6
Q

What is dégorgement?

A

Disgorgement

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7
Q

Who produced the first brut Champagne?

A

Pommery (1874)

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8
Q

Does Champagne need to include Appellation Contrôlée on its label?

A

No

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9
Q

What is the CIVC?

A

Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne

Mediates between large houses and small growers

Originally set up to combat Nazi influence

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10
Q

What is the maximum amount of hectares a Champagne producer is allowed to use?

A

15 (Contrôle des Structures)

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11
Q

When was the appellation of Champagne expanded?

A

2009

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12
Q

Why do Champagne houses blend vintages?

A

Extremely variable weather in Champagne

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13
Q

At what latitude is Champagne?

A

48th

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14
Q

What is bouvreux?

A

A second crop

Often found in Champagne

Caused by too much rain and leads to unripened fruit

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15
Q

What is the primary soil type of Champagne?

A

Chalk and limestone

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16
Q

What is the dominant soil type in the Aube?

A

Clay

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17
Q

What are rarely used grapes in Champagne that are only authorized in certain areas?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai

Arbane

Pinot Gris

Petit Melier

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18
Q

How often are yields set in Champagne?

A

Annually

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19
Q

What is a marc of grapes?

A

2550 liters of must per 4000 kg of grapes

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20
Q

How many districts are in Champagne?

A

5

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21
Q

What are the districts of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims

Vallée de la Marne

Côte des Blancs

Côte de Sezanne

Côte des Bars (the Aube)

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22
Q

What is the dominant grape in Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

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23
Q

What is the dominant grape in the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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24
Q

What is the dominant grape in the Côte de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

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25
Q

What is the dominant grape in the Côte des Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

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26
Q

How is cru status awarded in Champagne?

A

To entire villages

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27
Q

How many grands crus villages exist in Champagne?

A

17

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28
Q

How many premiers crus villages exist in Champagne?

A

42

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29
Q

What is blocage?

A

Portion of a vintage set aside for future use. Regulated by the CIVC

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30
Q

What is deblocage?

A

Release of wine stocks held from previous vintages. Regulated by the CIVC

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31
Q

What is the Échelle de Crus?

A

Percentile system by which the crus of Champagne are rated/Stopped being used in 1990

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32
Q

What is NM?

A

Négociant Manipulant

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33
Q

What is a Négociant Manipulant?

A

A house that purchases grapes and/or base wine from growers and other small houses. Most international houses are in this category

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34
Q

What is RM?

A

Récoltant Manipulant

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35
Q

What is a Récoltant Manipulant?

A

A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producer’s own vineyards

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36
Q

What is CM?

A

Coopérative Manipulant

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37
Q

What is a coopértive manipulant?

A

A growers’ co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand

38
Q

What is RC?

A

Récoltant Coopérateur

39
Q

What is a Récoltant Coopérateur?

A

A grower whose grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label

40
Q

What is SR?

A

Société de Récoltants

41
Q

What is a Société de Récoltants?

A

A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands

42
Q

What is ND?

A

Négociant Distributeur

43
Q

What is a Négociant Distributeur?

A

A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make

44
Q

What is MA?

A

Marque d’Acheteur

45
Q

What is a Marque d’Acheteur?

A

A buyer’s own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

46
Q

What is vin du cuvée?

A

The first 2050 liters from 4000kg pressed in Champagne

47
Q

What is vin de taille?

A

The next 500 liters pressed from 4000 kg of grapes in Champagne

48
Q

What is rebêche?

A

The final extraction from Champagne. Must comprised 1-10% of total/Used for distillate

49
Q

What is débourbage?

A

Settling of juice in Champagne after pressing/Done at a cool temperature for 8-15 hours

50
Q

What are bourbes?

A

Solids found in must

51
Q

What is vin clair?

A

The high acid base wine of Champagne that results from primary fermentation

52
Q

Is chaptalizatino common in Champagne?

A

Yes

53
Q

In Champagne what process usually occurs after primary and malolactic fermentation?

A

Fining

54
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

Mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents meant to ignite secondary fermentation

55
Q

What is prise de mousse?

A

Secondary fermentation

56
Q

What is a bidule?

A

Plastic cap that captures sediment

57
Q

What is sur latte?

A

Horizontally laying bottles

58
Q

What is autolysis?

A

The breakdown of dead yeast cells

59
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for non-vintage Champagne sur lees?

A

12 months

60
Q

What is pointage?

A

Briskly shaking a Champagne bottle to precent sedimeng from sticking

61
Q

What is sur pointe?

A

When a bottle is in upside-down vertical position at the end of remuage

62
Q

What is dégorgement à la glace?

A

Dipping neck of wine bottles in freezing brine solution before dégorgement

63
Q

What is dégorgement à la volée?

A

No freezing brine solution and more wine loss

64
Q

What is dosage?

A

Also called liqueur d’expédition. Adds sweetness to Champagne (if desired)

65
Q

What are the sweetness levels of champagne (from driest to sweetest)?

A

Brut Nature

Extra Brut

Brut

Extra Dry

Sec

Demi-Sec

Doux

66
Q

What is a muselet?

A

A wire cage fixed around a Champagne cork with six half-twists

67
Q

What is the total minimum aging time for non-vintage Champagne?

A

15 months

68
Q

What is the total minimum aging time for vintage Champagne?

A

36 months

69
Q

How big is a Piccolo?

A

187ml

70
Q

How big is a Demi?

A

375ml

71
Q

How big is a bottle?

A

750ml

72
Q

How big is a Magnum?

A

1.5 L

73
Q

How big is a Jeroboam?

A

3L

74
Q

How big is a Rehoboam?

A

4.5L

75
Q

How big is a Methuselah?

A

6 L

76
Q

How big is a Salmanazar?

A

9 L

77
Q

How big is a Balthazar?

A

12 L

78
Q

How big is a Nebuchadnezzar?

A

15 L

79
Q

How big is a Solomon?

A

18 L

80
Q

What is another name for a Solomon bottle?

A

Melchior (called that in Bordeaux)

81
Q

Can Rosé Champagne be made by blending?

A

Yes

82
Q

What wine is made in Rosé de Riceys?

A

100% Pinot Noir rosé

83
Q

In which district is Rosé de Riceys?

A

the Aube

84
Q

What does pétillant imply?

A

Lightly sparkling

85
Q

What are the best regions for sparkling wine in Italy?

A

Franciacorta DOCG

Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG

86
Q

What production method is used by all Spanish Cava?

A

Méthode traditionelle

87
Q

What production method is used by the highest quality German sekt?

A

Méthode traditionelle

88
Q

Describe the méthode ancestrale

A

Oldest sparkling wine method

Single fermentation

No liqueur de tirage

Yeasts continue fermenting in the bottle

No dosage

89
Q

Describe the Charmat process

A

Secondary fermentation occurs in autoclaves (pressurised tanks) over several days

Wine is then chilled to stop fermentation

Minimal lees contact

Creates larger bubbles

Emphasizes fruit and varietal aromatics over autolysis

90
Q

Describe the continuous method

A

Similar to Charmat

Base wine pumped through a series of tanks

Liqueur de tirage is added continuously

More autolysis flavors than Charmat

WSET D3 from Henry P (112 decks)

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