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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 3 - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Week 3 - Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones does the lower limb have

A

30

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2
Q

Where’s the proximal end of the femur

A

Articulates w/ the acetabulum of the hip bone.

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3
Q

Where’s the distal end of the femur

A

Articulates w/ the tibia + patella.

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4
Q

Why are the knee joints close to the midline than the hip joints?

A

Because the body (shaft) of the femur angles medially

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5
Q

Why is the angle of the femoral shaft greater in females?

A

Have a broader pelvis

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6
Q

Define fovea capitis

A

Small central depression in the femoral head

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7
Q

What connects the fovea capitis to the acetabulum.

A

Ligament of femoral head

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8
Q

What is a “broken hip” more associated with?

A

A fracture in the neck of the femur than w/ fractures to the hip bone.

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9
Q

What do the greater trochanter + lesser trochanter serve as?

A

Attachment points for tendons of some thigh + buttock muscles.

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10
Q

Where is the prominence felt and seen of the greater trochanter

A

Anterior to the hollow on the side of the hip

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11
Q

Describe the patella

A

Small triangular bone anterior to the knee joint.

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12
Q

Functions of the patella

A

⬆️ leverage of tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

Maintains position of tendon when knee is flexed.

Protects knee joint

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13
Q

Describe the base of the patella

A

Broad proximal end

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14
Q

Describe the apex of the patella

A

Pointed distal end

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15
Q

What does the posterior surface of the patella contain?

A

2 articular facets:

  1. 1 for the medial condyle of the femur
  2. Another for the lateral condyle
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16
Q

What does the patella ligament attach what to what?

A

Attaches patella to the tibial tuberosity

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17
Q

Where does the proximal end of the tibia articulate with?

A

Femur + Fibula

18
Q

Where does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?

A

Fibula + talus bone

19
Q

Define the interosseous membrane

A

Forms a fibrous joint

Separated anterior + posterior compartments of the leg.

Connects tibia + fibula

20
Q

Where does the proximal end of the tibia expand into?

A

A lateral + medial condyle

21
Q

Where does the inferior surface of the lateral condyle of the knee articulate with?

A

Head of the fibula.

22
Q

Which one is bigger? Tibia or fibula?

A

Tibia

23
Q

Does the fibula articulate with the femur?

A

NO

24
Q

Where does the proximal end of the fibula articulate with?

A

W/ the inferior surface of lateral condyle of tibia = PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR Joint

25
Q

Where is the distal tibiofibular joint found

A

Between fibular notch + medial surface of fibula.

26
Q

What is the projection on the distal end of the fibula called?

A

LATERAL MALLEOLUS

Articulated w. the talus of the ankle to form the prominence on the lateral surface of the ankle.

27
Q

Define the tarsus

A

Proximal region of foot

28
Q

Describe the calcaneus

A

Largest + strongest tarsal bone

29
Q

Define the navicular bones

A

Anterior tarsal bones

30
Q

Define inter tarsal joints

A

Joints between tarsal bones

31
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

Fibula + tibia.

On 1 side w. medial malleolus of tibia

On other side w. lateral malleolus of fibula.

32
Q

What are the 2 arches of the foot

A

Longitudinal

Transverse

33
Q

What do arches of the foot enable?

A

Foot to support weight of body

Provides ideal distribution of body weight over soft + hard tissues of foot

Provides leverage while walking

34
Q

Are arches in the foot rigid?

A

No, they yield as weight is applied + spring back when weight is lifted, storing energy for the next step + helping shock absorption.

35
Q

By what age are arches usually fully developed?

A

12/13

36
Q

What are the 2 parts to the longitudinal arch

A

Medial + lateral part

37
Q

Medial part of the longitudinal arch of the foot

A

Originates at calcaneus

Rises to talus

Descends through navicular, 3 cuneiforms + heads fo 3 medial metatarsals.

38
Q

Lateral part of the longitudinal arch of the foot

A

Originates at calcaneus.

Rises at cuboid

Descends to heads of 2 lateral metatarsals.

Medial portion of this arch is so high that the medial portion of foot between ball + heel doesn’t touch the ground when you walk on hard surface.

39
Q

Transverse arch

A

Found between medial + lateral aspects of foot.

Formed by navicular, 3 cuneiforms + bases of 5 metatarsals.

40
Q

Where does the base of the patella develop?

A

Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

41
Q

Proximal end of the tibia expands into a lateral + medial condyle, what do these articulate with?

A

Condyles of the femur

= form lateral + medial TIBIOFEMORAL joint.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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