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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 3 - Knee Joint > Flashcards

Week 3 - Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Define the knee joint

A

Largest + most complex joint in the body.

Modified hinge joint due to its primary movement being a uniaxial hinge movement.

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2
Q

List the anatomical components of the knee joint

A

Articular capsule

Medial + Lateral patellar retinacula

Patellar ligament

Oblique + arcuate popliteal ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Intracapsular ligaments

Articular discs (menisci)

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3
Q

Articular capsule

A

Ligamentous sheath surrounding the joint

Consists mostly of tendons but some capsular fibres that connect the articulating bones.

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4
Q

Medial + Lateral patellar reticula

A

Fused tendons of insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscle + the fascia lata (fascia of thigh).

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5
Q

What is the patellar ligament attached to?

A

Tendon of insertion of quadriceps femoris muscle.

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6
Q

Oblique popliteal ligament

Describe shape

Where its positioned

A

Broad + flat ligament

Extends from intercondylar fossa + lateral condyle of the femur to the head + medial condyle of the tibia.

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7
Q

Where does the arcuate popliteal ligament extend from and to?

A

From lateral condyle of femur

To styloid process on head of fibula.

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8
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

A

Broad + flat

On medial surface of joint that extends from medial condyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia.

Firmly attached to the medial meniscus.

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9
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

A

Strong + rounded

On lateral surface of joint that extends from lateral condyle of femur to lateral side of the fibular head.

Covered by tendon of biceps femoris muscle.

Tendon of popliteal muscle is deep to the ligament.

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10
Q

What anatomical components of the knee joint strengthen the ANTERIOR surface of the joint?

A

Medial + Lateral patellar reticula

Patellar ligament

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11
Q

What anatomical components of the knee joint strengthen the POSTERIOR surface of the joint?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

Arcuate popliteal ligament - Lower lateral part

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12
Q

What anatomical components of the knee joint strengthen the LATERAL aspect of the joint?

A

Fibular collateral ligament

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13
Q

Function of the intracapsular ligaments

A

Connect tibia + femur

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14
Q

What are anterior + posterior cruciate ligaments named based on?

A

Their origins relative to the intercondylar area of the tibia.

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15
Q

List the intracapsular ligaments

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)

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16
Q

INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

Describe the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Comes from the posterior medial border of the lateral femoral condyle.

Attaches anteriorly to the tibial plateau

17
Q

INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

Function of the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

Helps stabilise joint, esp. resisting anterior translation of the tibia.

18
Q

INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

Describe the Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Extends anteriorly + medially from a depression on the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia + lateral meniscus to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial condyle of the femur.

19
Q

INTRACAPSULAR LIGAMENTS

Function of the Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when knee is flexed.

20
Q

Describe the meniscus

A

Crescent shaped cartilage tissues

Sits between articular surfaces of the tibia + femur

Separated into medial + lateral menisci

21
Q

What is the function of the meniscus

A

Disperses pressure from body weight across joint.

Adds to the structural integrity of the knee

22
Q

What do the collateral ligaments do?

A

Resist medio-lateral translation of the tibia caused by valgus or varus forces

23
Q

Patella + quadriceps leverage

A

Muscles generated a pulling force on tendons to rotate bones.

⬆️ distance between line of pull + point of rotation ⬆️ the effect of that force

Patella ⬆️ distance (lever arm) of the quads tendon to the knee

24
Q

Define bursa

A

Fluid sac that ⬇️ friction

25
Q

What are the types of patellar bursae?

A

Prepatellar

Suprapatellar

Infrapatellar

26
Q

Define the patella

A

Sesamoid bone located w/in patella/quadriceps tendon

27
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

The trochlear groove of the femur

28
Q

What is the function of the patella

A

⬆️ leverage of the quadriceps at the knee

29
Q

What are the compartments to divide the thigh muscles into?

A

Posterior

Medial

Anterior

30
Q

Posterior muscle compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps femoris

Semitendinosus

Semimembranous

31
Q

Medial muscle compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Longus

Gracilis

32
Q

Anterior muscle compartment of the thigh

A

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Rectus femoris

Vastus medialis

Sartorius

33
Q

Primary movement caused if the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh shorten concentrically

A

Extension

34
Q

Explain extension at the knee

A

Muscle insertions are down on tibia or into the patella (when attaching to the tibia via the patella tendon) for these muscles.

If those insertions move towards the origin, they pull on tibia + cause extension of the knee.

35
Q

Primary movement caused if the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh contract concentrically

A

Flexion

36
Q

Which out of these two muscles are deeper than the other?

Semimembranosus

semitendinosus

A

Semimembranosus muscle is deep to the semitendinosus muscle

37
Q

Explain flexion at the knee

A

When posterior muscles contract concentrically in the upward direction, they pull on the leg, causing it to rotate backwards = flexion.

38
Q

Origin of the gracilis

A

Body + inferior ramus of pubis.

39
Q

Insertion of the gracilis

A

Medial surface of body of tibia.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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