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Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry > Week 9 - Diseases of lungs, heart, bv & blood > Flashcards

Week 9 - Diseases of lungs, heart, bv & blood Flashcards

1
Q

List some diseases of the lungs

A

Asthma

Iron lungs

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

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2
Q

List some diseases of the heart

A

Heart Murmurs

Cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

List some diseases of the blood vessels

A

Atherosclerosis

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4
Q

List some diseases of the blood

A

Iron deficient anaemia

Sickle cell anaemia

Haemophilia

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5
Q

Asthma

A

Can be allergen or exercise related.

For allergens, the immune response is IGE / immunoglobulin E.

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6
Q

What happens to the smooth muscle in the airway in asthma?

A

Spasms + contracts = getting bigger + clamping down on airway = smaller lumen.

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7
Q

What happens to the mucosal layer in the airway in asthma?

A

Swells + become an amorphous shape.

Mucous glands swell + secrete more mucus.

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8
Q

Iron lungs

A

Mid 1990s - Polio

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9
Q

What does iron lungs/polio do?

A

Attacks CNS

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10
Q

What could iron lungs / polio result in?

A

Paralysis

If it affected the lungs = can’t breath

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11
Q

Treatment for iron lungs / polio

A

Sealed chamber

Pump used to change air pressure in chamber

Resulting in pressure ion lungs changing

Lung pressure less than outside air = Ain in.

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12
Q

What is COPD

A

A progressive lung disease

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13
Q

What are the types of COPD

A

Emphysema

Chronic Bronchitis

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14
Q

How can emphysema + chronic bronchitis be caused

A

Chemical inhalation

Smoking

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15
Q

What happens in emphysema

A

Alveoli are destroyed

Lose elasticity

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16
Q

What happens in chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchial tube lining

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17
Q

What is the result of emphysema

A

Difficulty in exhaling

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18
Q

What is the result of chronic bronchitis

A

Mucus makes it difficult to breath = limited O2 intake

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19
Q

What does emphysema + chronic bronchitis lead to?

A

E = Progressively worsens over time

CB = Leads to right sided heart failure + oedema

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20
Q

What is oedema

A

Fluid retention in the body

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21
Q

What are the 2 names for people w/ COPD

A

Pink puffers

Blue bloaters

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22
Q

Things to look for in pink puffers

A

Pink skin

Minimal cough

Cachetic appearance

Quiet breathing

Barrel chested

⬆️ minute ventilation

Tachypnea

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23
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing

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24
Q

Things to look for in blue bloaters

A

Chronic productive cough

Crackles + wheezes

Obesity

Sputum

Peripheral oedema

Cyanosis

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25
Q

What can heart murmurs be classified as?

A

Stenosis

Regurgitation

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26
Q

Define stenosis

A

Valve doesn’t open properly

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27
Q

What happens if stenosis occurs in the aortic valve

A

Aortic stenosis

In which you would hear weird sounds as the blood isn’t getting into the carotid artery properly.

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28
Q

Define regurgitation

A

Valve doesn’t close properly. Bf can go back through valve, and you can have a valve prolapse

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29
Q

Define valve prolapse

A

valve closes the wrong way meaning there could be a leakage or back flow of blood.

30
Q

What happens during SI of the heart sounds

A

Cuspid valves close

31
Q

What happens during S2 of the heart sounds

A

SL valves close

32
Q

What happens between SI + S2 of the heart sounds

A

Systole

33
Q

What happens between S2 + S1 of the heart sounds

A

Diastole

34
Q

If there’s a problem during systole, what possible causes to that could there be?

A

Could have:

Aortic or pulmonary stenosis

OR

bicuspid or tricuspid regurgitation.

— Also where you would hear that mitral valve prolapse

35
Q

If there are weird sounds during diastole, what possible causes to that could there be?

A

Aortic / pulmonary regurgitation or tricuspid stenosis.

36
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Disease of cardiac muscles

Affects ability of heart to pump

37
Q

Who is cardiomyopathy more common for

A

Children / younger ind.

38
Q

What is cardiomyopathy generally not caused by

A

Coronary artery disease

high bp

Valvular disease

Congenital heart disease

39
Q

What are the 5 types of cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophic

Dilated

Restricted

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular

Takotsubo / Broken heart

40
Q

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Excess thickening of cardiac muscles

41
Q

What are the causes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

No obvious cause

42
Q

What is the result of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Chambers can’t hold as much blood

== Less blood being pumped to body in 1

43
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Heart enlarges or dilates

44
Q

What are the causes to dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Generally unknown

But can happen in older ind. + caused by excess alcohol

45
Q

What are the results of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Weakens heart –> failure

46
Q

What is restricted cardiomyopathy

A

Walls stiffen

47
Q

What are the causes to restricted cardiomyopathy

A

Unknown

48
Q

What are the results to restricted cardiomyopathy

A

Restricted bf through heart = problems to rest of body

49
Q

What is Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Cardiac muscle gradually replaced by fibrous + fatty tissue

50
Q

What are the causes of Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Inherited

51
Q

What are the results to Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

Heart dilates + pumping action is weakened

52
Q

What is “Takotsubo

(Broken heart)”

A

Left ventricle swells, changes shape.

53
Q

What are the causes to “Takotsubo

(Broken heart)”

A

Emotional or physical stress

54
Q

What are the results of “Takotsubo

(Broken heart)”

A

Reduced bf to body = red. O2 + nutrients

55
Q

What else is there to know about “Takotsubo

(Broken heart)”

A

Reversible

Short lived

56
Q

What are the 5 artery types

A

Branch

Coronary

Iliac

Renal

Femoral

57
Q

Where do branch arteries deliver blood to + what is the result when they’re damaged

A

Brain

Stroke

58
Q

Where do CORONARY arteries deliver blood to + what is the result when they’re damaged

A

Heart

Heart attack

59
Q

Where do iliac arteries deliver blood to + what is the result when they’re damaged

A

Hips + legs

Leg pain when walking (claudication)

60
Q

Where do renal arteries deliver blood to + what is the result when they’re damaged

A

Kidneys

High bp
Kidney failure

61
Q

Where do femoral arteries deliver blood to + what is the result when they’re damaged

A

Leg

Claudication
Amputation

62
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Growth of fatty streak or lesions w/in bv.

63
Q

What can damage by atherosclerosis mean

A

That the elastic recoil function of elastic arteries doesn’t happen. = Blood travels in spurts.

64
Q

Treatments to atherosclerosis

A

Angioplasty

Balloon or stent version

65
Q

Why might iron deficient anaemia occur

A

Not enough blood

Haemorrhaged

Insufficient Hb

66
Q

Treatment to iron deficient anaemia

A

Blood transfusion

Taking more iron

Altering diet

67
Q

Issues w/ iron deficient anaemia

A

Tired due to difficult to get O2 to working muscles, shortness of breath + incr. susceptibility to infection.

Cold hands + feet, pale appearance + red bit of eye could become a lot lighter.

68
Q

Sickle cell anaemia

A

Genetic disease

RBC changes shape to sickle shape = can’t carry as much O2 + can result in blood clot due to getting stuck in bv.

69
Q

Haemophilia

A

More likely top affect males as it affects X chromosome - men only have 1.

Inherited

Lack a clotting factor

70
Q

What are the 2 types of haemophilia

A

Type A - low blood clotting factor , factor 8

Type B - low levels of blood clotting, factor 9.

  • Need to take clotting factors.
71
Q

Asthma

For allergens, the immune response is IGE / immunoglobulin E. What do they do?

A

Attach to a mast cell so the antigen will attach to the IGE antibodies, causing mast cell (full of histamines) to release them into the blood.

== Causing allergic reaction in airways for asthmatics.

Human Anatomy & Kinanthropometry (27 decks)

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